{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.mining","code":"thing-q44497","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q44497/","name":"mining","alternateNames":["tailings dump","peak coal","Standard Lithium Ltd","cоntouring of mineral deposits","geophysical prospecting","mine survey","landfill mining","seabed mining","sand mining","mountain engineering","mining in Canada","silver mining"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The extraction of minerals, ores, coal, stone and other geological materials from the Earth by surface, underground and other methods, together with prospecting, exploration, geophysical surveying, mine surveying, processing and the management of waste such as tailings; mining supplies raw materials for industry and energy, is a major economic sector with companies from majors to juniors, and is regulated for safety, environment and community impacts, with debates such as peak coal and mining transitions presented here with attribution.","purpose":"Let an agent explain mining and its methods and stages, describe regulation, safety and environmental management, present economic and social debates with attribution, and support learning about the industry.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Extraction","Exploration to closure lifecycle","Regulated","Major economic sector"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"How mining works.","layers":[{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Methods and stages.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Methods","description":"Methods.","questions":[{"text":"What are the stages from prospecting and geophysical exploration through mine development, extraction and closure, and how do surface and underground methods differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific method?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"processing","name":"Processing","description":"Processing and waste.","findings":[{"id":"processing-finding","name":"Processing","description":"Processing.","questions":[{"text":"How are ores processed, and how are tailings and waste managed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits mineral processing?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"regulate","name":"Regulate","description":"Safety and environment.","layers":[{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Mine safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"How are mines regulated for worker safety, and what hazards are documented?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a mine emergency present now, requiring emergency services?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Environmental management.","findings":[{"id":"environment-finding","name":"Environment","description":"Environment.","questions":[{"text":"How are environmental impacts, tailings and closure regulated, and what failures have occurred?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits environmental regulation?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"economy","name":"Economy","description":"Economics and society.","layers":[{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Industry structure.","findings":[{"id":"industry-finding","name":"Industry","description":"Industry.","questions":[{"text":"How is the mining industry structured, from major companies to junior explorers, and how are projects financed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific company?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","findings":[{"id":"debates-finding","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","questions":[{"text":"What are the attributed positions in debates on mining and communities, Indigenous rights, peak coal and critical minerals?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of mining.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did mining develop from antiquity through industrialisation to modern mechanised operations?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can mining be taught in geology and engineering?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain kinds of mining and their stages from exploration to closure.","Report safety, environmental and permit data from official sources.","Monitor conditions in mines it is authorized to support."],"mustNot":["Help mine without permits or against landholders' rights.","Hide accidents, tailings risks or pollution from regulators.","Send workers into unsafe areas.","Overstate resources to investors."],"requiresHuman":["Qualified human assessment that an area is safe before authorizing worker entry.","Decisions on tailings dams and mine closure."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Mining accidents and tailings failures kill workers and communities.","Mining often harms land and water that local and Indigenous people depend on."],"affectedParties":["Mine workers","Nearby communities","Indigenous peoples"]},"owners":{"steward":"The mine operator under its licence; mining regulators inspect and keep title registers.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Mining title registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q548599","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"exploitation of natural resources","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"mineral deposit","type":"related","note":"what is mined"},{"target":"bismuth","type":"related","note":"a mined by-product metal"},{"target":"tractor","type":"related","note":"heavy equipment"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.mining","Wikidata: Q44497 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Extraction of minerals from the ground","Surface or underground","Oil and gas extraction is usually treated separately; quarrying is a form of surface mining","Open pits, underground workings, quarries and processing plants."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain methods and stages","describe regulation and safety","present debates","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mine accidents","Tailings dam failures","Land, water and community impacts"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mining safety regulations","Environmental and closure requirements","Resource reporting and licensing law"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Extracting geological materials.","surface mining and quarrying","underground mining","placer and in-situ mining","coal mining","mineral processing and tailings management"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q44497: mining","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Mining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each mining method be a separate entry?","How should regulators be linked?","How should company data be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q44497/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q44497/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T00:56:25Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}