{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.head-of-state","code":"thing-q48352","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q48352/","name":"head of state","alternateNames":["ceremonial head of state","King of Arakan","sultan of the Ottoman Empire","shah","Amenokal","General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union","Secretary General of the Romanian Communist Party","First Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party","First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba","Leader of the Islamic State","General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party","Bundespräsidium"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.PER"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The person or collective body who holds the highest representative office of a state, such as a monarch or president, with powers ranging from ceremonial to executive depending on the constitution.","purpose":"Let an agent handle heads of state as offices with holders, powers, selection and terms, and separate them from heads of government.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Highest representative office of a state","Ceremonial or executive depending on system","Distinct from head of government in many systems","Can be hereditary or elected"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"office","name":"Office","description":"The post.","layers":[{"id":"title","name":"Title and state","description":"Which office.","findings":[{"id":"title-finding","name":"Office","description":"Office and state.","questions":[{"text":"Which state and office is meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it monarchical or republican?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"powers","name":"Powers","description":"Ceremonial or executive.","findings":[{"id":"powers-finding","name":"Powers","description":"Constitutional powers.","questions":[{"text":"What powers does the office hold?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How do they relate to the head of government?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"selection","name":"Selection","description":"How holders are chosen.","layers":[{"id":"method","name":"Method","description":"Succession or election.","findings":[{"id":"method-finding","name":"Selection","description":"How the holder is chosen.","questions":[{"text":"How is the head of state chosen?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"For what term?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"removal","name":"Removal","description":"Impeachment, abdication.","findings":[{"id":"removal-finding","name":"Removal","description":"How the office ends.","questions":[{"text":"How can a head of state be removed or abdicate?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who acts in a vacancy?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"holder","name":"Holder","description":"Who holds it now.","layers":[{"id":"current","name":"Current holder","description":"Name and since.","findings":[{"id":"current-finding","name":"Holder","description":"Current holder.","questions":[{"text":"Who holds the office now, and since when?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the holder recognised internationally?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Predecessors.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"Succession","description":"List of holders.","questions":[{"text":"Who held the office before?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How did transitions happen?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Immunity and protocol.","layers":[{"id":"immunity","name":"Immunity","description":"Legal immunity.","findings":[{"id":"immunity-finding","name":"Immunity","description":"Immunity rules.","questions":[{"text":"What immunity does the office carry, under which law?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does it survive leaving office?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"protocol","name":"Protocol","description":"Forms of address.","findings":[{"id":"protocol-finding","name":"Protocol","description":"Protocol rules.","questions":[{"text":"How is the head of state formally addressed?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which protocol applies to visits?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report who holds the office and its powers from the constitution and official sources, with dates.","Distinguish head of state from head of government."],"mustNot":["Present outdated holder records as current.","Treat a de facto leader as the formal head of state without noting it.","Impersonate a head of state or fabricate statements by one.","Spread threats or incitement against a head of state."],"requiresHuman":["Contacting a head of state's office on behalf of someone."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Accurate information about who holds power is vital for democracy and accountability.","Fabricated statements by leaders can cause diplomatic and public harm."],"affectedParties":["Citizens","Office holders","Foreign states"]},"owners":{"steward":"The constitution of the state defines the office.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Official gazettes"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1251441","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q372436","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"executive branch","type":"related","note":"in many systems"},{"target":"head of government","type":"related","note":"a separate office in many states"},{"target":"person","type":"related","note":"the office holder"},{"target":"constitution","type":"related","note":"powers and selection"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.head-of-state","Wikidata: Q48352 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Titles such as King, Queen, President, Emir, Sultan","Official residences and standards","Party leaders in some historical systems held effective power without the formal title","An office with symbols such as seals, flags and residences; holders appear in official roles."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["hold the office, by succession, election or appointment","exercise constitutional powers","represent the state abroad","be removed, where the constitution allows"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing head of state and head of government","Out-of-date holder records","Treating de facto leaders as formal heads of state without noting it"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National constitutions","Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and head of state immunity in customary law"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Representing the state, and in some systems leading the executive.","monarchs","presidents","collective heads of state","ceremonial and executive heads","historical rulers such as sultans and shahs"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q48352: head of state","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Head of state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each state office be an instance linked to the state?","How should de facto and de jure leaders be represented?","How should historical offices be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q48352/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q48352/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T05:07:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}