{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.causes-of-schizophrenia","code":"thing-q490123","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q490123/","name":"causes of schizophrenia","alternateNames":["genetics of schizophrenia","Epigenetics of schizophrenia","evolution of schizophrenia"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The factors that contribute to the development of schizophrenia, understood as a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, neurodevelopmental factors, prenatal and early-life influences, substance use such as cannabis, stress and social environment, with no single cause; research spans genetics, epigenetics, neuroscience and epidemiology, and findings are probabilistic rather than deterministic.","purpose":"Let an agent explain current evidence on the causes of schizophrenia with attribution and appropriate uncertainty, avoid stigma and determinism, and route personal concerns to professional care.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Multifactorial","Probabilistic","Actively researched","Stigma-sensitive"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"evidence","name":"Evidence","description":"What research says.","layers":[{"id":"factors","name":"Factors","description":"Risk factors.","findings":[{"id":"factors-finding","name":"Factors","description":"Risk factors.","questions":[{"text":"What do current reviews say about genetic, developmental and environmental contributions to schizophrenia?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How large are the effects, and how uncertain are they?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"interaction","name":"Interaction","description":"Gene-environment interaction.","findings":[{"id":"interaction-finding","name":"Interaction","description":"Interaction.","questions":[{"text":"How do genetic and environmental factors interact, according to research?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which hypotheses, such as neurodevelopmental models, are prominent?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"care","name":"Care","description":"Personal concerns.","layers":[{"id":"worried","name":"Worried","description":"Concern about risk.","findings":[{"id":"worried-finding","name":"Worried","description":"Concern.","questions":[{"text":"Is the user worried about their own or a relative risk, and should they speak to a clinician or genetic counsellor?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Are early warning signs present that warrant assessment?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"crisis","name":"Crisis","description":"Crisis.","findings":[{"id":"crisis-finding","name":"Crisis","description":"Crisis.","questions":[{"text":"Is anyone in crisis or at risk now?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which services should be contacted?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"stigma","name":"Stigma","description":"Myths and language.","layers":[{"id":"myths","name":"Myths","description":"Common misconceptions.","findings":[{"id":"myths-finding","name":"Myths","description":"Myths.","questions":[{"text":"Which common beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia are unsupported, such as blaming parenting?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is language non-stigmatising?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"substances","name":"Substances","description":"Substance use.","findings":[{"id":"substances-finding","name":"Substances","description":"Substances.","questions":[{"text":"What does evidence say about cannabis and other substances as risk factors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How is this communicated without moralising?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Ongoing research.","layers":[{"id":"directions","name":"Directions","description":"Research directions.","findings":[{"id":"directions-finding","name":"Directions","description":"Directions.","questions":[{"text":"What are current research directions, such as genomics, epigenetics and immune hypotheses?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"participate","name":"Participate","description":"Research participation.","findings":[{"id":"participate-finding","name":"Participate","description":"Participation.","questions":[{"text":"How can people participate in schizophrenia research ethically?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which registries exist?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain current research on the causes of schizophrenia with sources and stated uncertainty.","Point people to mental health services."],"mustNot":["Blame parents or families as the cause of a person's schizophrenia.","Predict whether a specific person will develop schizophrenia.","Present a single factor as the cause.","Use cause explanations to stigmatise people with schizophrenia."],"requiresHuman":["Any advice about genetic testing or family planning on this basis."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Discredited theories once blamed families and caused lasting harm.","People with schizophrenia face heavy stigma."],"affectedParties":["People with schizophrenia","Families","Clinicians and researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a body of research held by the scientific community.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q5054620","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"causes of mental disorders","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"psychosis","type":"related","note":"associated condition"},{"target":"cause","type":"related","note":"causal reasoning"},{"target":"neuroscience","type":"related","note":"field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.causes-of-schizophrenia","Wikidata: Q490123 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490123)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Multifactorial causation","Risk factors, not single causes","Symptoms and diagnosis are separate topics","Not physical; a body of research findings."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["summarise evidence on causes with attribution","explain genetic and environmental interaction","address myths and stigma","route personal concerns to care"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Deterministic or stigmatising claims","Blaming families","Agents diagnosing or advising on treatment"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Clinical guidelines on schizophrenia","Research ethics for genetic studies"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Understanding a complex mental health condition.","genetic factors","neurodevelopmental and prenatal factors","environmental and social factors","substance-related factors","evolutionary hypotheses"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q490123: causes of schizophrenia","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490123","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Risk factors of schizophrenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_factors_of_schizophrenia","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should schizophrenia itself be a separate entry?","How should research reviews be linked?","How should stigma guidance be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q490123/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q490123/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T21:05:44Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}