{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.austronesian","code":"thing-q49228","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q49228/","name":"Austronesian","alternateNames":["Malimpung","Central Palawano","Brooke's Point Palawano","Putoh","Romblomanon","Lun Bawang","Malayo-Polynesian","Bobat","Letti","Proto-Maluku Tengah","Dayak","Agutaynen"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"One of the largest language families in the world, with more than a thousand languages spoken from Madagascar to Rapa Nui and from Taiwan to New Zealand, comprising the Formosan languages of Taiwan and the Malayo-Polynesian branch, which includes Malay and Indonesian, Javanese, Tagalog and Filipino, Malagasy, Maori and Hawaiian.","purpose":"Let an agent handle Austronesian by branches, member languages, speakers, history of dispersal and resources, using self-designations and attributing scholarly views.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Very wide geographic spread","More than a thousand languages","Origin often placed in Taiwan","Many endangered languages"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"classification","name":"Classification","description":"Family tree.","layers":[{"id":"branch","name":"Branch","description":"Which branch.","findings":[{"id":"branch-finding","name":"Branch","description":"Branch.","questions":[{"text":"Which branch does this language belong to, according to reference classifications?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do references disagree?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dispersal","name":"Dispersal","description":"Origins and spread.","findings":[{"id":"dispersal-finding","name":"Dispersal","description":"Dispersal.","questions":[{"text":"What do linguists and archaeologists say about the Austronesian homeland and spread?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which models are debated?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"speakers","name":"Speakers","description":"Communities.","layers":[{"id":"numbers","name":"Numbers","description":"Speaker figures.","findings":[{"id":"numbers-finding","name":"Numbers","description":"Speaker numbers.","questions":[{"text":"How many speakers does this language have, according to recent sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"First or second language?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"names","name":"Names","description":"Self-designations.","findings":[{"id":"names-finding","name":"Names","description":"Self-designations.","questions":[{"text":"What do speakers call their language?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which names are exonyms or dialect labels?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"vitality","name":"Vitality","description":"Endangerment.","layers":[{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Endangerment.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Endangerment status.","questions":[{"text":"How endangered is this language, according to UNESCO or other assessments?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is it taught in schools?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"revival","name":"Revival","description":"Revitalisation.","findings":[{"id":"revival-finding","name":"Revival","description":"Revitalisation.","questions":[{"text":"Which revitalisation programmes exist, such as language nests?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How can outsiders support them respectfully?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"resources","name":"Resources","description":"Learning and technology.","layers":[{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Courses.","findings":[{"id":"learning-finding","name":"Learning","description":"Learning resources.","questions":[{"text":"Which grammars, dictionaries or courses exist?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who publishes them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"technology","name":"Technology","description":"Language technology.","findings":[{"id":"technology-finding","name":"Technology","description":"Language technology.","questions":[{"text":"Which keyboards, spell checkers or translation tools support this language?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How good is their quality?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the Austronesian family, its branches and its speakers from linguistic sources.","Support learning and documentation of Austronesian languages with community consent."],"mustNot":["Present a language as a dialect or as inferior to a national language.","Publish recordings or sacred knowledge of a community without its consent.","Claim a migration or ancestry story as settled when scholars disagree."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing documentation of an endangered language."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Many Austronesian languages are endangered; speakers' communities should lead their documentation.","Origin theories touch on Indigenous identity and land claims."],"affectedParties":["Speakers and their communities","Indigenous peoples of Taiwan and the Pacific"]},"owners":{"steward":"The speakers of its languages; nobody owns the family.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Language catalogues such as ISO 639-3"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q7524744","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q783787","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q783816","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"language family","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Malay and Indonesian","type":"related","note":"example"},{"target":"Tagalog","type":"related","note":"example"},{"target":"Glottolog and Ethnologue","type":"related","note":"references"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.austronesian","Wikidata: Q49228 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49228)","ISO 639-5: map Austronesian languages (collective code)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Languages across Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific","Formosan languages in Taiwan","Papuan and Australian languages are other groups","Not physical; shown in family trees, maps and grammars."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify the branch of a language","summarise theories of Austronesian dispersal","find speaker figures and resources","support endangered language revitalisation"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Unsourced speaker figures","Presenting dispersal theories as settled","Using exonyms instead of self-designations"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National language policies","UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Linguistics, history and language resources.","Formosan languages","Western Malayo-Polynesian languages","Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages","Oceanic languages","Malagasy"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q49228: Austronesian","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49228","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Austronesian languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should branches be separate entries?","How should dispersal theories be recorded?","How should endangered languages be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q49228/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q49228/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T13:33:51Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}