{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.landrat","code":"thing-q514725","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q514725/","name":"Landrat","alternateNames":["Landrat of Rottal-Inn","Landrat of Leer","district administrator of Vechta District","Landrat of Giessen","Landrat of Lahn-Dill-Kreis","Landrat of Trier-Saarburg","Landrat of Waldshut","Landrat of Regen","Landrat of Harz","Landrat of Gotha","Landrat of Zellerfeld"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.PER"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A Landrat is, in the German district-government sense, the public officeholder who heads a Landkreis or Kreis administration, with executive responsibilities determined by the relevant state's law.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify a Landrat office, establish who validly holds it, and assess the holder's authority for a particular district matter.","scope":{"in":["The Landrat or Landrätin role and its legally constituted district office","Applicable Land, district, legal regime and effective period","Eligibility, selection, accession and termination of tenure","Administrative leadership, district representation and relations with the Kreistag","Allocation of district and state functions where applicable","Delegation, substitution, supervision and limits on official action"],"out":["The officeholder's biography, personal identity and party organisation","The Landkreis as a territory or public corporation","The Landratsamt as an administrative organisation","The Kreistag as a collective decision-making body","Swiss parliamentary institutions called Landrat and their membership roles","Individual election campaigns, job advertisements and administrative case files"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Identify a legally constituted district executive office; the title alone does not establish this meaning.","Require a link between a person and a dated officeholding mandate; a candidate, former holder or honorary title does not establish current authority.","Distinguish the Landrat's individual competence from powers reserved to the Kreistag or its committees.","Establish whether an act belongs to district administration or a state function before attributing authority.","Disambiguate the German executive role from parliamentary uses of Landrat; Basel-Landschaft uses the name for its cantonal parliament. [Official parliamentary description](https://www.baselland.ch/politik-und-behorden/landrat-parlament)"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"office-identity-and-jurisdiction","name":"Office identity and jurisdiction","description":"Establish which Landrat role is meant and the legal setting in which it exists.","layers":[{"id":"title-and-role-boundary","name":"Title and role boundary","description":"Separate the executive role from its holder and similarly named institutions.","findings":[{"id":"intended-landrat-sense","name":"Intended Landrat sense","description":"Treat the German district executive interpretation as provisional until registry provenance confirms it.","questions":[{"text":"Which originating registry record establishes that Landrat means the district executive role here?","id":"intended-landrat-sense-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does this reference identify an office, its holder, a parliamentary institution or a historical title?","id":"intended-landrat-sense-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"district-and-applicable-regime","name":"District and applicable regime","description":"Anchor the office to a district and a dated legal framework.","findings":[{"id":"constituted-district-office","name":"Constituted district office","description":"Require evidence of the particular office's legal existence and territorial competence before matching it to a person or action.","questions":[{"text":"Which district and Land constitute this office, and under which legal provisions?","id":"constituted-district-office-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which effective dates or district reorganisations limit the applicability of this office record?","id":"constituted-district-office-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"eligibility-and-accession","name":"Eligibility and accession","description":"Determine how a person qualifies for and enters the Landrat office.","layers":[{"id":"qualification-and-service-status","name":"Qualification and service status","description":"Identify statutory entry requirements and the office's public-service relationship.","findings":[{"id":"statutory-eligibility","name":"Statutory eligibility","description":"Record jurisdiction-specific eligibility and incompatibility requirements without inventing a universal Landrat qualification or licensing body.","questions":[{"text":"Which citizenship, age, qualification or other eligibility conditions apply to this selection?","id":"statutory-eligibility-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which authority has verified eligibility and any incompatible offices or activities?","id":"statutory-eligibility-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What statutory service status and service authority apply upon accession?","id":"statutory-eligibility-q03","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"selection-and-installation","name":"Selection and installation","description":"Connect the applicable selection process to the start of actual authority.","findings":[{"id":"validated-accession","name":"Validated accession","description":"Keep selection route and accession conditions specific to the jurisdiction. The Rhein-Neckar-Kreis describes council election for its Landrat. [Official selection description](https://www.rhein-neckar-kreis.de/start/landratsamt/landrat.html)","questions":[{"text":"Who selects this Landrat, and which official record establishes the result?","id":"validated-accession-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which installation requirements and effective date establish the start of officeholding authority?","id":"validated-accession-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"district-governance-and-state-capacity","name":"District governance and state capacity","description":"Locate the Landrat's competence among district bodies and any state administrative functions.","layers":[{"id":"kreistag-and-executive-competence","name":"Kreistag and executive competence","description":"Distinguish council decisions, executive decisions and implementation duties.","findings":[{"id":"decision-owner","name":"Decision owner","description":"Identify the body empowered to decide each matter. Bavaria's district ordinance distinguishes Kreistag, committee and independent Landrat decision-making. [Article 22](https://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayLKrO-22)","questions":[{"text":"Is this matter reserved to the Kreistag or a committee, or assigned to the Landrat?","id":"decision-owner-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What decision or authorisation must exist before the Landrat can implement the proposed action?","id":"decision-owner-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"district-and-state-functions","name":"District and state functions","description":"Identify the legal capacity and administrative chain relevant to each task.","findings":[{"id":"function-specific-capacity","name":"Function-specific capacity","description":"Determine whether the Landrat acts for the district or within a state administrative function, and establish the consequences from the applicable law.","questions":[{"text":"In which legal capacity would the Landrat act on this matter?","id":"function-specific-capacity-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which authority may issue instructions or supervise this function?","id":"function-specific-capacity-q02","kind":"relation"},{"text":"Which source establishes the boundary between district control and state control?","id":"function-specific-capacity-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"administrative-leadership-and-representation","name":"Administrative leadership and representation","description":"Describe how the Landrat directs administration and performs authorised external acts.","layers":[{"id":"administrative-direction","name":"Administrative direction","description":"Connect leadership responsibilities to operational tasks and limits.","findings":[{"id":"administrative-task-remit","name":"Administrative task remit","description":"Identify the office's actual operational responsibilities. Ludwigsburg lists meeting preparation, implementation of resolutions, council information and legally or locally assigned tasks. [Official account of district organs](https://www.landkreis-ludwigsburg.de/landratsamt-landkreis/kreisverwaltung/organe-des-landkreises/)","questions":[{"text":"Which administrative, personnel and financial decisions may this Landrat make under the applicable rules?","id":"administrative-task-remit-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which council resolution, statutory duty or administrative instruction requires implementation or reporting?","id":"administrative-task-remit-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"representation-and-delegated-signature","name":"Representation and delegated signature","description":"Establish who may represent the district or execute an instrument for a particular purpose.","findings":[{"id":"binding-act-authority","name":"Binding act authority","description":"Check substantive competence, representation rules and delegation separately. Bavaria expressly regulates transfer of certain powers and signing authority. [Article 37](https://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/BayLKrO-37)","questions":[{"text":"Which representation and signature requirements apply to this proposed commitment?","id":"binding-act-authority-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"If another official signs, what delegation establishes its scope, conditions and current validity?","id":"binding-act-authority-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"tenure-accountability-and-continuity","name":"Tenure, accountability and continuity","description":"Track whether authority remains effective and how it is constrained or continued.","layers":[{"id":"mandate-state-and-substitution","name":"Mandate state and substitution","description":"Determine the current holder and arrangements for absence or vacancy.","findings":[{"id":"current-authority-and-successor","name":"Current authority and successor","description":"Keep ordinary tenure, temporary substitution and vacancy arrangements distinct, with dated evidence for each.","questions":[{"text":"What are the prescribed term, actual accession date and any effective termination or suspension date?","id":"current-authority-and-successor-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Who may act during absence or vacancy, and which functions and dates does that authority cover?","id":"current-authority-and-successor-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"oversight-and-conflicts","name":"Oversight and conflicts","description":"Identify constraints and review routes affecting a proposed official act.","findings":[{"id":"reviewable-exercise-of-office","name":"Reviewable exercise of office","description":"Associate the exercise of Landrat powers with applicable disclosure, recusal, reporting and supervisory requirements.","questions":[{"text":"Does a personal interest or incompatible role require disclosure, recusal or substitution in this matter?","id":"reviewable-exercise-of-office-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which body can review the act or address an alleged breach of official duty in this capacity?","id":"reviewable-exercise-of-office-q02","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which official evidence records an operative restriction or unresolved challenge to this exercise of authority?","id":"reviewable-exercise-of-office-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Landrat this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the office of Landrat and its powers under the relevant state's district law.","Report public decisions and announcements of a district administration."],"mustNot":["Impersonate a Landrat or issue statements in the office's name without authority.","Publish an officeholder's private data beyond their public duties.","Apply one state's rules on the office to another state.","Confuse the German office with similarly named offices elsewhere, such as in Austria."],"requiresHuman":["Making allegations of misconduct against a named officeholder."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The Landrat runs public services such as health, transport and social support for many people.","Officeholders face harassment and threats that endanger them and local democracy."],"affectedParties":["Residents of the district","District staff","The officeholder"]},"owners":{"steward":"The district's voters or council who elect the officeholder, under the state's supervision.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Official district and state publications"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1589795","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.landrat","Wikidata: Q514725 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514725)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Jurisdiction and legal period: Country, Land, district and effective legal dates","Officeholding mandate: Person linked to office, accession evidence and start/end dates","Selection route: Direct election, council election, other evidenced historical route, unresolved","Eligibility determination: Verified eligible, disputed, ineligible, unverified; applicable rule and deciding authority","Public-service relationship: Jurisdiction-specific statutory service status, service authority and applicable conditions","Mandate state: Selected but not installed, serving, temporarily prevented, suspended, ended, disputed","Term duration: Years or months under the applicable rule, with actual tenure dates","Capacity for the matter: District self-government, assigned district function, state authority function, unresolved","Authority basis: Specific statute, district instrument, council resolution or delegation with scope and dates","Substitution arrangement: Deputy or acting holder, activation condition, functional scope and validity period"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Not settled by sight: the office is identified from election records and official publications."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a Landrat reference to a specific district executive office and legal period.","Check whether a named person currently holds or validly substitutes for that office.","Assess whether a proposed district action lies within the office's evidenced competence.","Route a matter to the Landrat, Kreistag, administrative unit or competent state authority.","Identify missing approvals, delegation evidence or conflict-of-interest checks before action.","Flag an expired mandate, disputed competence or unresolved jurisdiction for human review."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Threats and harassment against local officeholders.","Confusion of powers between the district, the state and municipalities."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The Kreisordnung fuer das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, enacted by the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia, governs the Landrat's office and responsibilities in that state."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A Landrat is encountered in German district administration as the officeholder responsible for leading a Landkreis or Kreis under the applicable state law.","Identifying the office and its holder helps establish responsibility for district services, administrative decisions and representation."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q514725: Landrat","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514725","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Landrat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landrat","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the originating registry record confirm the German district executive sense, and which historical periods does it include?","Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this role, requiring a registry link instead of a separate publication?","Which Land-specific differences in eligibility, selection, service status, tenure and council relations require explicit variants?","For each jurisdiction, which district and state functions attach to the office, and how do instruction, supervision and substitution differ?","Which verified ISCO, SOC or ESCO mappings, if any, appropriately classify this statutory office without confusing it with general public administration employment?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q514725/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q514725/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:53:21Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}