{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.h2s-radar","code":"thing-q521916","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q521916/","name":"H2S radar","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"H2S radar is a British family of airborne microwave ground-mapping radar systems developed during the Second World War to support navigation and bombing by displaying radar returns from terrain beneath and around an aircraft.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise H2S radar, establish its variant and installation state, assess the credibility of its ground picture, and identify supported inspection, interpretation or conservation actions.","scope":{"in":["H2S family identity, marks, modifications and documentary attribution","Radar signal generation, ground scanning and indicator presentation","Aircraft installation, power supply and navigation interfaces","Ground-picture interpretation, calibration and performance limitations","Equipment completeness, faults, maintenance and conservation state"],"out":["The host aircraft as a complete vehicle","Bombs, release mechanisms and bombing mission planning","Ground-based navigation networks and their stations","Other radar families, including related maritime or American developments","Hydrogen sulfide substances and gas-detection instruments","Museum ownership, loans and collection administration"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require designation or documentary evidence connecting the equipment to H2S; airborne ground-mapping capability alone does not establish family membership.","Check for an airborne system presenting terrain returns as a map-like indicator picture. This role is documented by the [Science Museum Group H2S Mk.IIc record](https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co35145/h2s-mk-iic-airborne-ground-scanning-radar-installation-c-1943).","Distinguish direct ground-echo mapping from navigation dependent on signals from ground stations; the museum record explicitly identifies this H2S capability.","Distinguish a complete installation from an H2S-associated component: a scanner, transmitter or indicator alone does not demonstrate a functioning set.","Resolve the label H2S as a radar designation, rather than inferring any connection to hydrogen sulfide sensing."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"family-and-variant","name":"Family and variant","description":"Establish what counts as H2S and which configuration an observation concerns.","layers":[{"id":"designation-evidence","name":"Designation evidence","description":"Connect names and markings to defensible equipment identities.","findings":[{"id":"h2s-attribution","name":"H2S attribution","description":"Require a traceable connection between the claimed identity and markings, manuals or collection documentation.","questions":[{"text":"Which markings or documentary records identify this equipment as H2S?","id":"h2s-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the evidence identify a complete set, a component or an uncertain attribution?","id":"h2s-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"configuration-lineage","name":"Configuration lineage","description":"Keep mark-specific features and later modifications explicit.","findings":[{"id":"mark-applicability","name":"Mark applicability","description":"Attach specifications to the mark and modification state for which they are evidenced.","questions":[{"text":"Which mark and modification schedule applies to the recorded assembly?","id":"mark-applicability-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which evidence distinguishes an H2S variant from a related but separately designated radar?","id":"mark-applicability-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"echo-generation-and-scanning","name":"Echo generation and scanning","description":"Represent the variant-specific chain from transmitted pulses to a ground-echo picture.","layers":[{"id":"radio-frequency-chain","name":"Radio-frequency chain","description":"Identify the transmitter, receiver and associated pulse equipment.","findings":[{"id":"transmit-receive-configuration","name":"Transmit-receive configuration","description":"Record documented component identities and signal parameters without assigning one specification to the entire family.","questions":[{"text":"What transmitter, receiver and modulator types are specified for this configuration?","id":"transmit-receive-configuration-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What frequency, pulse duration, repetition rate and power are documented, and under which conditions?","id":"transmit-receive-configuration-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"scanner-picture-coupling","name":"Scanner-picture coupling","description":"Connect antenna motion and timing to the displayed ground picture.","findings":[{"id":"scan-registration","name":"Scan registration","description":"Assess whether scanner position and indicator presentation share a verified directional and timing reference.","questions":[{"text":"What scan coverage, rotation rate and antenna arrangement does the applicable manual specify?","id":"scan-registration-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence establishes correct registration between scanner bearing and indicator bearing?","id":"scan-registration-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"aircraft-installation","name":"Aircraft installation","description":"Describe how the radar becomes a coherent aircraft installation.","layers":[{"id":"physical-fit","name":"Physical fit","description":"Relate the scanner, enclosure and internal assemblies to their installation drawings.","findings":[{"id":"installation-completeness","name":"Installation completeness","description":"Assess required assemblies and their placement against evidence for the specific aircraft configuration.","questions":[{"text":"Which scanner mounting, radome, internal units and cable assemblies are required by the installation drawing?","id":"installation-completeness-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which of those assemblies are present, missing or substituted?","id":"installation-completeness-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"supplies-and-navigation-links","name":"Supplies and navigation links","description":"Identify power, cooling and information exchanges required by the installation.","findings":[{"id":"interface-compatibility","name":"Interface compatibility","description":"Require documented compatibility between radar assemblies and host services.","questions":[{"text":"What electrical supplies and cooling provisions does this H2S configuration require?","id":"interface-compatibility-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which heading or navigation connections are required, optional or absent for this mark?","id":"interface-compatibility-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"ground-picture-interpretation","name":"Ground-picture interpretation","description":"Represent the evidence needed to interpret the radar picture as terrain information.","layers":[{"id":"display-reference","name":"Display reference","description":"Establish the scale and orientation needed to read an indicator record.","findings":[{"id":"picture-coordinate-meaning","name":"Picture coordinate meaning","description":"Keep screen measurements separate from geographic interpretations until the display reference is established.","questions":[{"text":"Which range scale, orientation and reference marks were active when the picture was recorded?","id":"picture-coordinate-meaning-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How does the applicable manual define displayed range and any height-dependent correction?","id":"picture-coordinate-meaning-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"terrain-discrimination","name":"Terrain discrimination","description":"Assess recognisable patterns and ambiguity under recorded observation conditions.","findings":[{"id":"feature-identification-confidence","name":"Feature identification confidence","description":"Record candidate terrain identities, competing interpretations and supporting evidence.","questions":[{"text":"Which coastline, settlement or other mapped feature is proposed, and what independent evidence supports the match?","id":"feature-identification-confidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What altitude, terrain geometry, weather or equipment conditions limit confidence in this picture?","id":"feature-identification-confidence-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"serviceability-and-preservation","name":"Serviceability and preservation","description":"Separate historical configuration, present function and justified handling or testing.","layers":[{"id":"functional-evidence","name":"Functional evidence","description":"Relate observed symptoms to the applicable H2S signal and display chain.","findings":[{"id":"fault-and-calibration-state","name":"Fault and calibration state","description":"Record dated evidence for transmitter, receiver, scanner and indicator function separately.","questions":[{"text":"Which observations distinguish absent echoes, failed scanning and indicator faults in this configuration?","id":"fault-and-calibration-state-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which mark-specific acceptance or calibration checks have documented results?","id":"fault-and-calibration-state-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"intervention-basis","name":"Intervention basis","description":"Tie testing and conservation decisions to configuration evidence and preservation objectives.","findings":[{"id":"supported-interventions","name":"Supported interventions","description":"Identify applicable procedures, protective provisions and authenticity consequences before an intervention.","questions":[{"text":"Which service instructions identify high-voltage, stored-energy, moving-scanner and radio-frequency precautions, including any fitted interlocks?","id":"supported-interventions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which proposed repairs or component replacements preserve the documented configuration, and which would alter it?","id":"supported-interventions-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"What evidence supports keeping the equipment inert, conducting qualified bench tests or seeking installation-level assessment?","id":"supported-interventions-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of H2S radar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe H2S radar and its wartime history from archival and museum sources.","Catalogue surviving units and records in collections."],"mustNot":["Glorify or misrepresent civilian deaths caused by the bombing it supported.","Present uncertain technical or operational claims as established fact.","Help trade surviving equipment that was removed from collections or war graves without authority."],"requiresHuman":["Restoration, sale or loan of surviving equipment."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["It supported area bombing that killed many civilians, a subject that needs honest treatment.","Aircrew losses and wrecks are war graves for families."],"affectedParties":["Victims of bombing and their descendants","Veterans' families","Museums and historians"]},"owners":{"steward":"The holding museum or archive for surviving units.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q133288692","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.h2s-radar","Wikidata: Q521916 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521916)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mark and modification identity: Documented mark, subvariant and modification references; unresolved","Assembly role and completeness: Complete installation; partial installation; individual component; reproduction; unresolved","Operating frequency or wavelength: GHz or cm, with mark, tolerance and documentary source","Pulse characteristics: Pulse duration in microseconds; repetition frequency in Hz; peak power in kW, where documented","Scanner coverage and motion: Angular coverage in degrees; rotation rate in rpm; documented scan mode","Display range and reference: Available range scales with original units; orientation; range reference; unknown","Ground-picture performance: Range discrimination in m and bearing discrimination in degrees, with altitude and test conditions","Aircraft installation: Host aircraft configuration, mounting drawing, radome and interface references","Electrical supply requirements: V, AC or DC, Hz where applicable, and W or VA by supply rail","Installed mass and envelope: kg and mm, explicitly identifying included assemblies","Functional and preservation state: Untested; inert display; incomplete; fault recorded; bench-tested; installation-tested, each dated"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A teardrop-shaped radome under the rear fuselage of a wartime bomber.","Inside the aircraft, a round display screen at the navigator's station."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify an attributed H2S assembly and record confidence in its mark identification.","Compare an installation inventory against the component schedule for its documented configuration.","Annotate an H2S screen record with scale, orientation, terrain hypotheses and uncertainty.","Compare reported performance with evidence from matching marks and operating conditions.","Identify documentary prerequisites for inspection, qualified testing or conservation.","Link modifications and replacement components to their effects on authenticity and demonstrated function."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Old electronics may contain hazardous materials such as radioactive paint or capacitors holding charge."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations provide the international spectrum framework relevant to any present-day transmitting operation, subject to national authorization."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["H2S radar was installed in British military aircraft to support navigation and bombing through radar images of the ground.","Surviving equipment, manuals and displays are encountered in aviation museums, historical research and conservation work.","Interpretation depends on the radar variant, aircraft installation and terrain represented in the display."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q521916: H2S radar","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521916","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: H2S (radar)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2S_%28radar%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which wartime and postwar marks belong within this registry entry, and where do separately designated derivatives begin?","Which primary manuals establish mark-specific frequencies, pulse parameters, range scales, scanner characteristics and measured performance?","What are the complete installation masses, dimensions, power requirements and cooling arrangements for representative aircraft fits?","Which original issuing authorities, acceptance specifications, maintenance schedules and protective provisions apply to each configuration?","What evidence quantifies terrain-identification uncertainty and establishes the present condition of surviving examples without treating museum descriptions as serviceability certification?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q521916/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q521916/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:08:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}