{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bonded-warehouse","code":"thing-q5257004","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5257004/","name":"bonded warehouse","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A warehouse authorised by customs authorities in which imported goods can be stored, processed or manipulated without payment of import duties and taxes until they are released for domestic consumption or re-exported, operated under bond by the government or private firms; bonded warehouses support trade, deferral of duty and transit, and are regulated under national customs law and international conventions.","purpose":"Let an agent explain bonded warehouses and how they work, relay customs rules, kinds and uses from trade and customs sources in general terms, describe advantages and controls, and distinguish bonded warehouses from free zones, ordinary warehouses and duty-free shops, without giving personal tax or legal advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Duty deferral","Customs supervision","Bond security","Trade facilitation"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a bonded warehouse is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a bonded warehouse, and how does it differ from a free zone, ordinary warehouse and duty-free shop?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the concept, a country s rules or a personal customs matter needing an adviser?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What are public, private, excise and manufacturing bonded warehouses?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"rules","name":"Rules","description":"Customs rules.","layers":[{"id":"procedure","name":"Procedure","description":"Procedure.","findings":[{"id":"procedure-finding","name":"Procedure","description":"Procedure.","questions":[{"text":"How are goods entered, stored, manipulated and released from bond, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"controls","name":"Controls","description":"Controls.","findings":[{"id":"controls-finding","name":"Controls","description":"Controls.","questions":[{"text":"How do customs supervise bonded warehouses through bonds, records and audits?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"trade","name":"Trade","description":"Trade uses.","findings":[{"id":"trade-finding","name":"Trade","description":"Trade.","questions":[{"text":"How do importers, exporters and logistics firms use bonded warehouses for deferral, transit and re-export?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits customs procedure?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"excise","name":"Excise","description":"Excise goods.","findings":[{"id":"excise-finding","name":"Excise","description":"Excise.","questions":[{"text":"How are alcohol and tobacco held and matured under bond?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits excise?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and comparison.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did bonded warehouses develop, from the British Warehousing Act of 1803 onward?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of customs?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"comparison","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison.","findings":[{"id":"comparison-finding","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison.","questions":[{"text":"How do bonded warehouse rules differ across major jurisdictions?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific jurisdiction?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how bonded storage defers duties and taxes.","Track goods in a bonded warehouse the agent is authorized to manage, keeping customs records accurate.","Report discrepancies in stock to the operator and customs."],"mustNot":["Remove goods from bond without customs clearance.","Falsify records of goods entering, leaving or processed in bond.","Help store prohibited or smuggled goods under cover of bond.","Disclose traders' confidential stock data to others."],"requiresHuman":["Releasing goods for domestic consumption or destruction under customs supervision."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Bonded storage is a privilege granted on trust; abuse defrauds the public revenue.","Bonded warehouses can be used to hide illicit trade."],"affectedParties":["Importers and traders","The public revenue","Warehouse workers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The licensed operator, under bond to the customs authority.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Customs authorisation and inventory records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1362225","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"warehouse","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"customs","type":"related","note":"authorities"},{"target":"free-trade zone","type":"related","note":"outside customs territory"},{"target":"international trade","type":"related","note":"through duty deferral"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bonded-warehouse","Wikidata: Q5257004 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5257004)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Revised Kyoto Convention: 1999 year - customs warehousing standards","typical bond: security for duties owed note","storage period: often unlimited or several years note - varies"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Duty-suspended storage under customs control","Public and private bonded warehouses, excise warehouses","Free zones are areas outside customs territory; ordinary warehouses hold cleared goods; duty-free shops sell to travellers","A secured warehouse under customs supervision."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the concept","relay rules and kinds","describe uses and controls","distinguish related facilities"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving personal customs or tax advice","Confusing bonded warehouses with free zones","Smuggling and compliance failures, addressed by controls"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Revised Kyoto Convention on customs procedures","National customs codes such as the EU Union Customs Code","Excise regulations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Storing goods under customs control with duty deferred.","public bonded warehouses","private bonded warehouses","excise warehouses for alcohol and tobacco","bonded manufacturing and processing warehouses","temporary storage facilities"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q5257004: bonded warehouse","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5257004","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Bonded warehouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonded_warehouse","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should excise warehouse and free zone be separate primary entries?","How should customs sources be linked?","How should national differences be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q5257004/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q5257004/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T13:18:58Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}