{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.dvd","code":"thing-q5294","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5294/","name":"DVD","alternateNames":["DVD±R","MiniDVD","DVD cover","DVD-Video","DVD-Audio","DVD-ROM","DVD card","DVD recordable","DVD-D","DVD slick","DVD-RW DL"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An optical disc format for digital data storage, introduced in 1995 by a consortium including Philips, Sony, Toshiba and Panasonic, storing about 4.7 GB on a single-layer 12 cm disc using a 650 nm red laser, with application formats the registry aliases name such as DVD-Video for films with MPEG-2 video, region codes and CSS copy protection, DVD-Audio for high-resolution music, and DVD-ROM for data, recordable formats DVD-R and DVD+R, collectively DVD plus-minus R, and the smaller MiniDVD; DVD covers are the packaging artwork. DVDs were succeeded by Blu-ray and streaming but remain used for archiving and physical media collections, with disc rot and scratches limiting lifespan.","purpose":"Let an agent explain DVDs, relay technology, formats, region coding, copy protection and preservation from technical and media history sources, describe the named formats, and distinguish DVDs from CDs, Blu-ray discs, HD DVD and streaming.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Red laser optical disc","Region codes","Multiple application formats","Mass-market film distribution"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a DVD is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a DVD, and how does it differ from CDs, Blu-ray, HD DVD and streaming?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about playback, archiving, formats or copying, where copyright law applies?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"formats","name":"Formats","description":"Named formats.","findings":[{"id":"formats-finding","name":"Formats","description":"Formats.","questions":[{"text":"What are DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD-ROM, recordable formats and MiniDVD, and what is a DVD cover?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific format?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"technology","name":"Technology","description":"Technology.","layers":[{"id":"optics","name":"Optics","description":"Optical storage.","findings":[{"id":"optics-finding","name":"Optics","description":"Optics.","questions":[{"text":"How do red lasers and pit sizes give DVDs more capacity than CDs?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"video","name":"Video","description":"DVD-Video.","findings":[{"id":"video-finding","name":"Video","description":"Video.","questions":[{"text":"How do MPEG-2, region codes and CSS work on DVD-Video?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"rights","name":"Rights","description":"Copy protection.","layers":[{"id":"css","name":"CSS","description":"Content Scramble System.","findings":[{"id":"css-finding","name":"CSS","description":"CSS.","questions":[{"text":"What is CSS, and what legal disputes followed DeCSS, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and free of circumvention guidance?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"regions","name":"Regions","description":"Region codes.","findings":[{"id":"regions-finding","name":"Regions","description":"Regions.","questions":[{"text":"Why were DVD region codes introduced?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits DVD region code?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Media history.","layers":[{"id":"formatwar","name":"Format war","description":"Successors.","findings":[{"id":"formatwar-finding","name":"Format war","description":"Format war.","questions":[{"text":"How did Blu-ray defeat HD DVD, and how did streaming reduce disc sales?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits high-definition optical disc format war?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"archiving","name":"Archiving","description":"Preservation.","findings":[{"id":"archiving-finding","name":"Archiving","description":"Archiving.","questions":[{"text":"How long do recordable DVDs last, and what do archivists recommend?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits digital preservation?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the DVD format, its variants and its region codes.","Advise how to store discs and migrate data from them before they degrade."],"mustNot":["Advise how to circumvent copy protection where that is unlawful.","Copy or share films from DVDs in breach of copyright.","Treat optical discs as permanent archival storage."],"requiresHuman":["Disposing of discs that may hold the only copy of someone's data or personal recordings."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Discs degrade, so family and institutional records on them can be lost.","Copyright protects creators but can also block access to works no longer sold."],"affectedParties":["Owners of discs","Archivists","Creators and rights holders"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person who keeps the disc; rights holders own the content.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1048236","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q234870","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"optical disc","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"compact disc","type":"related","note":"for video storage"},{"target":"Blu-ray","type":"related"},{"target":"Content Scramble System","type":"related","note":"on DVD-Video"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.dvd","Wikidata: Q5294 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5294)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["single-layer capacity: about 4.7 GB","laser wavelength: 650 nm","introduced: 1995 year - first players 1996 in Japan"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Optical disc format of 1995","DVD plus-minus R, MiniDVD, DVD cover, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD-ROM","CDs hold less and use infrared lasers; Blu-ray uses blue lasers and holds more; HD DVD was a rival format; streaming delivers over networks","A shiny 12 cm or 8 cm disc in a plastic case with cover art."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain technology and formats","relay region coding and copy protection","describe named formats","relay preservation"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Disc rot and data loss","Advising circumvention of copy protection","Region incompatibility"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["DVD Forum specifications","ECMA-267 DVD-ROM standard","Copyright laws on circumvention such as the DMCA"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Storing video, audio and data.","DVD-Video","DVD-Audio","DVD-ROM","recordable DVD-R, DVD+R and rewritable formats","MiniDVD"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q5294: DVD","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5294","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: DVD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should DVD-Audio be a separate entry?","How should preservation guidance be linked?","Should DVD cover be moved to packaging entries?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q5294/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q5294/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:38:30Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}