{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.manhole","code":"thing-q532998","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q532998/","name":"manhole","alternateNames":["sanitary manhole","Manhole Toilet","elevated manhole"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An opening, usually covered by a removable lid, that gives access for inspection, maintenance and entry to underground utilities such as sewers, drains, water mains, telecommunications and electrical ducts, typically connected to a chamber or shaft below street level, with variants including sanitary sewer manholes, elevated manholes and emergency manhole toilets used in disasters; manholes are part of urban infrastructure and are governed by construction, safety and confined space regulations.","purpose":"Let an agent explain manholes and their function and construction, describe safety rules for access and confined spaces, identify variants and uses, and support infrastructure and urban heritage questions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Access function","Removable cover","Confined space below","Utility-specific"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What manholes are.","layers":[{"id":"function","name":"Function","description":"Function and construction.","findings":[{"id":"function-finding","name":"Function","description":"Function.","questions":[{"text":"What are manholes for, and how are chambers, shafts, steps and covers constructed?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific utility?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"variants","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","findings":[{"id":"variants-finding","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","questions":[{"text":"How do sewer, stormwater, utility and elevated manholes differ, and what are emergency manhole toilets?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific variant?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","layers":[{"id":"entry","name":"Entry","description":"Confined space entry.","findings":[{"id":"entry-finding","name":"Entry","description":"Entry.","questions":[{"text":"What confined space rules apply to entering manholes, according to safety regulators?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is someone in a manhole emergency now, requiring rescue services?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"public","name":"Public","description":"Public safety.","findings":[{"id":"public-finding","name":"Public","description":"Public.","questions":[{"text":"How are covers secured against falls, theft and road hazards?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits road maintenance?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"manage","name":"Manage","description":"Management.","layers":[{"id":"assets","name":"Assets","description":"Asset management.","findings":[{"id":"assets-finding","name":"Assets","description":"Assets.","questions":[{"text":"How are manholes recorded, inspected and maintained by utilities?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits utility asset management?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"report","name":"Report","description":"Reporting problems.","findings":[{"id":"report-finding","name":"Report","description":"Reporting.","questions":[{"text":"How can a damaged or missing cover be reported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific local authority?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and culture.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did manholes develop with urban sewerage?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Covers as design.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How have manhole covers become objects of design and collecting, such as in Japan?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report missing, damaged or open manhole covers to the utility.","Record manhole locations and condition for the utility that owns them."],"mustNot":["Enter a manhole chamber or send a person in without gas testing, permits and a rescue plan.","Leave a manhole open or unguarded.","Open a manhole it is not authorized to access.","Help steal covers or access underground utilities unlawfully."],"requiresHuman":["Confined space entry.","Closing roads for manhole work."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Workers die in chambers from toxic gases, and rescuers often die with them.","Open manholes injure pedestrians and drivers."],"affectedParties":["Utility workers","Pedestrians and drivers","Rescuers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The utility or road authority that owns the underground asset.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Utility asset registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q391414","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q811430","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"architectural element","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"fixed construction","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"latrine","type":"related","note":"sanitation alternatives"},{"target":"electrical grid","type":"related","note":"underground cable access"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.manhole","Wikidata: Q532998 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q532998)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Covered access opening to underground utilities","Chamber or shaft below","A drain grate collects surface water; a latrine is a toilet","A round or square lid set into a road or pavement over a chamber."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain function and construction","describe safety rules","identify variants","support infrastructure questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Falls through open or missing covers","Toxic gases and oxygen deficiency in chambers","Cover theft and road hazards"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Manhole cover and chamber construction standards","Confined space entry regulations","Road safety rules for covers"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Access openings to underground utilities.","sewer and sanitary manholes","stormwater manholes","utility and telecommunications manholes","elevated manholes","emergency manhole toilets"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q532998: manhole","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q532998","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Manhole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhole","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should manhole covers be a separate entry?","How should safety regulations be linked?","How should utility asset registers be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q532998/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q532998/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T02:48:22Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"missing","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{},"score":0.941}}