{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.tendency","code":"thing-q55919789","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q55919789/","name":"tendency","alternateNames":["stickiness","bias","statistical trend","measurement bias","survey bias","aggregation bias","historical bias","societal bias"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A characteristic of an entity that makes a particular outcome or event more likely than it would otherwise be under relevant conditions; a tendency is a propensity, not a guarantee, and is distinct from a statistical trend or bias.","purpose":"Let an agent explain tendencies as propensities of entities, describe the conditions and evidence supporting a claimed tendency, and distinguish propensity from observed trends, statistical bias, probability, causation and correlation.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A tendency is attributed to an entity as a characteristic.","It makes a particular outcome more likely under relevant conditions.","A tendency does not guarantee that the outcome will occur.","An observed statistical pattern may provide evidence of a tendency but is not itself the propensity."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What tendency means.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a tendency, and how does it differ from probability, causation, correlation, prejudice and central tendency?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about statistics, economics, psychology or everyday usage?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"aliases","name":"Aliases","description":"Named aliases.","findings":[{"id":"aliases-finding","name":"Aliases","description":"Aliases.","questions":[{"text":"What are stickiness, bias, statistical trends and measurement, survey and aggregation bias?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific concept?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"statistics","name":"Statistics","description":"Trends and bias.","layers":[{"id":"trends","name":"Trends","description":"Trend detection.","findings":[{"id":"trends-finding","name":"Trends","description":"Trends.","questions":[{"text":"How are statistical trends detected and tested?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"bias","name":"Bias","description":"Bias types.","findings":[{"id":"bias-finding","name":"Bias","description":"Bias.","questions":[{"text":"How do measurement, survey and aggregation bias arise and get corrected?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"economics","name":"Economics","description":"Stickiness.","layers":[{"id":"prices","name":"Prices","description":"Sticky prices.","findings":[{"id":"prices-finding","name":"Prices","description":"Prices.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence exists for sticky prices and wages, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits nominal rigidity?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"users","name":"Users","description":"User stickiness.","findings":[{"id":"users-finding","name":"Users","description":"Users.","questions":[{"text":"How is stickiness measured for products and platforms?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which entry fits customer retention?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Reasoning.","layers":[{"id":"fallacy","name":"Fallacy","description":"Ecological fallacy.","findings":[{"id":"fallacy-finding","name":"Fallacy","description":"Fallacy.","questions":[{"text":"What is the ecological fallacy, and how does it relate to aggregation bias?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits ecological fallacy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"cognitive","name":"Cognitive bias","description":"Cognitive bias.","findings":[{"id":"cognitive-finding","name":"Cognitive bias","description":"Cognitive bias.","questions":[{"text":"How do cognitive biases differ from statistical bias?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe an entity's claimed propensity with the supporting evidence, relevant conditions and uncertainty.","Distinguish evidence of a tendency from observed trends and possible biases in the evidence."],"mustNot":["Present a trend or correlation as proof of cause.","Apply group-level tendencies to an individual as if they were facts about that person.","Hide known bias in data or measurements used for decisions.","Conflate an entity's propensity with statistical trends or biases.","Present a tendency as a guaranteed outcome."],"requiresHuman":["Using a claimed tendency to make a consequential decision about a specific person requires human judgment."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Group tendencies applied to individuals produce stereotyping and unfair treatment.","Unsupported claims about a person's propensities can harm their autonomy, reputation and opportunities."],"affectedParties":["People judged by attributed tendencies may face consequential decisions.","Groups subject to stereotypes may face unfair treatment.","Decision makers depend on accurate accounts of evidence and uncertainty."]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; whoever attributes a tendency to an entity is responsible for the evidence and qualifications supporting that claim.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1207505","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q18603648","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q21170479","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"quality","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"bias (statistics)","type":"related"},{"target":"ecological fallacy","type":"related","note":"related to aggregation bias"},{"target":"central tendency","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.tendency","Wikidata: Q55919789 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55919789)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["registry parents: quality, contributing factor, possibility note","ecological fallacy named: 1950 year - Robinson s study, attributed","price stickiness: key idea in New Keynesian economics note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["A tendency is a propensity toward an outcome and has no necessary visible form.","Repeated outcomes under relevant conditions may provide evidence of a tendency without conclusively establishing it.","A trend is a pattern of change in observations, while statistical bias is a systematic deviation in measurement or estimation.","Probability quantifies likelihood, correlation describes association, and central tendency summarises the centre of a distribution.","Not a physical object; seen in data patterns and behaviour."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain senses of tendency","relay bias types and corrections","describe named aliases","distinguish related concepts"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating a tendency as a guarantee can produce false predictions.","Inferring an entity's propensity from a trend or correlation alone can overstate the evidence.","Applying group-level tendencies to individuals can produce unsupported judgments.","Confusing a propensity with statistical bias can misrepresent both concepts."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Survey methodology standards such as AAPOR codes","Measurement uncertainty guides such as the GUM"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Describing inclinations and systematic deviations.","trends","statistical biases","cognitive biases","stickiness in economics","dispositions"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q55919789: tendency","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55919789","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Tendency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendency","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should bias be split into a separate entry from tendency?","How should statistics references be linked?","Should stickiness be moved to economics entries?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q55919789/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q55919789/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T22:29:46Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}