{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.op-tina","code":"thing-q572975","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q572975/","name":"opština","alternateNames":["City municipality","municipality of Kosovo","jamoat"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A municipal administrative subdivision in several Slavic countries, including Bulgaria and countries of the former Yugoslavia, serving as a basic unit of local self-government in systems such as those of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Slovenia, with variants such as city municipalities within large cities and the municipalities of Kosovo, whose status follows the contested status of Kosovo; the registry also lists the jamoat of Tajikistan, a different local unit that appears misfiled.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the opstina as a municipal unit, relay its structure and powers in Bulgaria and the successor states of Yugoslavia from official sources, describe city municipalities and the Kosovo municipalities with status attributed, and distinguish the opstina from cities, districts and the misfiled Tajik jamoat.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Basic local unit","Yugoslav heritage","City municipalities","Contested Kosovo status"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What an opstina is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is an opstina, and how does it differ from cities, districts and the Tajik jamoat?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the unit, a country, Kosovo or the misfiled alias?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"variants","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","findings":[{"id":"variants-finding","name":"Variants","description":"Variants.","questions":[{"text":"What are city municipalities and the municipalities of Kosovo, with Kosovo s status attributed?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"states","name":"States","description":"By state.","layers":[{"id":"laws","name":"Laws","description":"Laws.","findings":[{"id":"laws-finding","name":"Laws","description":"Laws.","questions":[{"text":"How do the local self-government laws of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Slovenia define municipalities?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"powers","name":"Powers","description":"Powers.","findings":[{"id":"powers-finding","name":"Powers","description":"Powers.","questions":[{"text":"What powers and finances do municipalities have?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"yugoslav","name":"Yugoslav","description":"Yugoslav era.","findings":[{"id":"yugoslav-finding","name":"Yugoslav","description":"Yugoslav.","questions":[{"text":"How did the socialist Yugoslav opstina work, and how did it change after 1991?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the administrative divisions of Yugoslavia?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"reforms","name":"Reforms","description":"Reforms.","findings":[{"id":"reforms-finding","name":"Reforms","description":"Reforms.","questions":[{"text":"How have municipal boundaries and counts been reformed in each state?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific state?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Data and misfiled alias.","layers":[{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"How are municipalities coded in ISO 3166-2 and national statistics?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific list of municipalities?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"misfiled","name":"Misfiled","description":"Jamoat.","findings":[{"id":"misfiled-finding","name":"Misfiled","description":"Misfiled.","questions":[{"text":"What is a jamoat, and where should it be covered?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits jamoat?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe opstinas and their role in local self-government in each country, from official sources.","Distinguish municipalities, city municipalities and cities in each country's system."],"mustNot":["Frame the status of Kosovo's municipalities in a partisan way.","File unrelated units, such as a Central Asian jamoat, under this term.","Report unit counts that may be out of date without checking.","Use the region's territorial history to stoke ethnic tension."],"requiresHuman":["Correcting official boundary or status data in a shared dataset."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Local government decides services and minority representation.","Territorial status in the region is politically contested."],"affectedParties":["Residents","Minority communities","Local governments"]},"owners":{"steward":"The state in which each municipality lies, which sets local government by law.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National registers of territorial units"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q56061","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"administrative territorial entity","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Serbia","type":"related","note":"and other former Yugoslav states"},{"target":"city","type":"related","note":"which may contain city municipalities"},{"target":"jamoat","type":"related","note":"the Tajik unit listed as an alias"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.op-tina","Wikidata: Q572975 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572975)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Serbia municipalities: about 145 plus cities count","Bosnia and Herzegovina municipalities: about 143 count","Kosovo municipalities: 38 count - under Kosovo law"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["The term denotes a municipality in Bulgaria and several former Yugoslav states.","Examples include city municipalities and municipalities of Kosovo, while jamoat appears as a misfiled alias.","Cities may contain several city municipalities, districts are higher units, and the jamoat is a Tajik village unit.","Not a visible object; a municipality."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the unit","relay structure across states","describe variants with attribution","distinguish related units"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Partisan framing of Kosovo status","Registry alias jamoat is misfiled","Stale counts after reforms"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Local self-government laws of each state","Kosovo law on local self-government, with status contested","Dayton Agreement structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Local self-government in former Yugoslav states.","municipalities of Serbia","municipalities of Montenegro","municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina in both entities","municipalities of North Macedonia and Slovenia","city municipalities within Belgrade, Nis and other cities","municipalities of Kosovo"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q572975: opština","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572975","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Opština","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C5%A1tina","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the municipalities of each state be separate primary entries?","How should official sources be linked?","The registry alias jamoat appears misfiled and should be moved"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q572975/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q572975/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T14:03:52Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}