{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.year","code":"thing-q577","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q577/","name":"year","alternateNames":["even year","odd year","century year","commemorative year","educational year","level of education in France","Yang Metal Dragon","FRBR equinox","year of multiple elections","vintage year","model year","tropical year"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.TME"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The time the Earth takes to orbit the Sun, about 365.24 days, and the calendar unit of 365 or 366 days based on it; also used for other year definitions such as school or fiscal years.","purpose":"Let an agent handle years by definition (calendar, tropical, fiscal, academic), calendar system and numbering, and avoid errors from mismatched year definitions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Several definitions: tropical, sidereal, calendar, fiscal, academic","Calendar years depend on the calendar system","Leap years keep the calendar aligned with seasons","Some systems name years instead of numbering them"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Which year.","layers":[{"id":"kind","name":"Kind","description":"Calendar, fiscal, academic, astronomical.","findings":[{"id":"kind-finding","name":"Year kind","description":"The kind of year.","questions":[{"text":"Which kind of year is meant here?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"When does it start and end?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"calendar","name":"Calendar","description":"Gregorian or other.","findings":[{"id":"calendar-finding","name":"Calendar","description":"The calendar used.","questions":[{"text":"In which calendar is this year counted?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What is its Gregorian equivalent?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"length","name":"Length","description":"Days in the year.","layers":[{"id":"leap","name":"Leap years","description":"Rules.","findings":[{"id":"leap-finding","name":"Leap rule","description":"The leap rule.","questions":[{"text":"Is this a leap year under the applicable rule?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How is 29 February handled in this system?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"duration","name":"Duration","description":"Astronomical lengths.","findings":[{"id":"duration-finding","name":"Duration","description":"Which length is used.","questions":[{"text":"Which year length does this calculation assume?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How much error does that introduce?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"numbering","name":"Numbering","description":"Eras and names.","layers":[{"id":"era","name":"Era","description":"CE, AH, other eras.","findings":[{"id":"era-finding","name":"Era","description":"The era and numbering.","questions":[{"text":"In which era is the year numbered?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is there a year zero in this system?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"names","name":"Names","description":"Cyclical names.","findings":[{"id":"names-finding","name":"Year names","description":"Names in cyclical calendars.","questions":[{"text":"What is the name of this year in the relevant cyclical calendar?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"When does that year begin?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Years in law, business and software.","layers":[{"id":"business","name":"Fiscal and academic years","description":"Institutional years.","findings":[{"id":"business-finding","name":"Institutional year","description":"The institutional year definition.","questions":[{"text":"Which fiscal or academic year applies, and how is it labelled?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who defines it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"software","name":"Software limits","description":"Date limits and bugs.","findings":[{"id":"software-finding","name":"Software limits","description":"Known year-related limits.","questions":[{"text":"Does the system handle leap years and dates beyond 2038 correctly?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is the year stored?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Calculate dates and durations with correct leap year rules.","State which year is meant: calendar, fiscal, school or another."],"mustNot":["Mix calendar and fiscal years without saying so.","Store years in a way that overflows or wraps, such as two-digit years or limited time counters.","Convert historical years across calendar reforms without stating the calendar used."],"requiresHuman":["Changing year-end dates used for legal or financial deadlines."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Deadlines tied to years decide rights, benefits and penalties."],"affectedParties":["People with year-based deadlines","Users of software"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the year; standards bodies define calendars and date formats.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q186081","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2199864","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q37640","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"day","type":"related","note":"365 or 366 days"},{"target":"calendar","type":"related","note":"calendar system"},{"target":"fiscal year","type":"related","note":"business and government years differ"},{"target":"calendar date","type":"related","note":"the year component of dates"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.year","Wikidata: Q577 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577)","ISO 8601 year: YYYY with extended forms for years outside 0000-9999"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["tropical year: 365.2422 days","Gregorian calendar year: 365 or 366 days","Julian year (astronomy): 365.25 days - used for light years"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Four-digit year numbers in the Gregorian calendar","Fiscal and academic year labels spanning two calendar years","Names in cyclical calendars","Not a thing to see; shown as a number (2026), a label (FY2026/27) or a name in some calendars (such as Yang Metal Dragon in the Chinese cycle)."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["count and number years, in a calendar era","define custom years, such as fiscal or academic","convert between calendars","account for leap years"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mixing calendar and fiscal years","Leap year bugs such as 29 February handling","Year 2038 and similar overflow limits in software","Converting historical years across calendar reforms"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 8601","National laws defining fiscal years","IAU definitions of Julian year"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Organising time into seasons and annual cycles for law, business, education and culture.","calendar year","tropical and sidereal year","fiscal year","academic or school year","leap year, even and odd years, century years","commemorative years"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q577: year","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each kind of year be a separate entry?","How should fiscal years be recorded per organisation and country?","How should cyclical year names be linked to numbers?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q577/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q577/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T04:52:40Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}