{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.punjabi","code":"thing-q58635","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q58635/","name":"Punjabi","alternateNames":["Punjabi in India","Charhdi","Old Punjabi","Baar di boli","Pre-Punjabi","Lehndi","Depalpur Punjabi","Central Punjabi","permanent residency in Canada","Bahawalpuri","Lubanki","baahar di boli"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab region spoken by over 100 million people in Pakistan and India and by a large diaspora, written in the Shahmukhi script in Pakistan and the Gurmukhi script in India, with dialects including Majhi, the basis of the standard, the western Lahnda or Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli and others, a history from Old Punjabi through the Sikh scriptures to modern literature, and a tonal system unusual among Indo-Aryan languages; Punjabi is an official language of Indian Punjab and, though the most spoken language in Pakistan, has limited official status there.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Punjabi language and its dialects and scripts, relay phonology, grammar and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Pakistan and India and the diaspora, and distinguish Punjabi from Hindi, Urdu and neighbouring languages and from the Punjabi people.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Tonal Indo-Aryan","Two scripts","Cross-border language","Rich literary tradition"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Punjabi is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and classification.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Punjabi, how is it classified, and how does it differ from Hindi, Urdu and Saraiki?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the language, a dialect, a script, the people or a policy dispute?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dialects","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","findings":[{"id":"dialects-finding","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","questions":[{"text":"How do Majhi, Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli and other dialects differ, and what is the standard based on?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific dialect?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Features and learning.","layers":[{"id":"features","name":"Features","description":"Phonology and grammar.","findings":[{"id":"features-finding","name":"Features","description":"Features.","questions":[{"text":"What are the tones, sounds and grammar of Punjabi?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"resources","name":"Resources","description":"Learning resources.","findings":[{"id":"resources-finding","name":"Resources","description":"Resources.","questions":[{"text":"What dictionaries, courses and corpora exist for Punjabi in both scripts?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"scripts","name":"Scripts","description":"Scripts and literature.","layers":[{"id":"scripts","name":"Scripts","description":"Scripts.","findings":[{"id":"scripts-finding","name":"Scripts","description":"Scripts.","questions":[{"text":"How do Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi work, and how did the script divide arise, as historians describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Gurmukhi?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","findings":[{"id":"literature-finding","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"What are the Sufi, Sikh and modern literary traditions of Punjabi, from Old Punjabi onward?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Punjabi literature?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Status and diaspora.","layers":[{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status.","findings":[{"id":"status-finding","name":"Status","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What is the status of Punjabi in India and Pakistan, and what debates surround it, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"diaspora","name":"Diaspora","description":"Diaspora.","findings":[{"id":"diaspora-finding","name":"Diaspora","description":"Diaspora.","questions":[{"text":"How is Punjabi maintained in the diaspora in the UK, Canada and elsewhere?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Punjabi diaspora?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe Punjabi, its scripts and dialects from linguistic sources.","Translate between Punjabi and other languages, naming the script used.","Present Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi as equal scripts of one language."],"mustNot":["Treat Punjabi as a dialect of Hindi or Urdu.","Take sides in political disputes over script or dialect status.","Conflate the language with any one religion or nationality.","Present machine translation as certified."],"requiresHuman":["Certified translation for legal, medical or immigration use."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Language status is tied to identity and politics in both Punjabs.","Diaspora speakers need accurate services in their own language."],"affectedParties":["Punjabi speakers","Diaspora communities","Learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"The public: held in common by its speakers.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Language code registries"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q2656685","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Punjabi dialects and languages","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Indo-Aryan languages","type":"related","note":"northwestern group"},{"target":"Gurmukhi","type":"related","note":"in India"},{"target":"Shahmukhi","type":"related","note":"in Pakistan"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.punjabi","Wikidata: Q58635 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635)","ISO 639-1: pa Punjabi","ISO 639-3: pan Punjabi","Glottolog: panj1256 Eastern Panjabi"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["speakers: over 100 million - estimates","tones: 3 count - in most analyses","scripts: Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi list","official in Indian Punjab: yes note - scheduled language of India"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab","Majhi standard, Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli, Old Punjabi, Punjabi in India","Hindi and Urdu are related but distinct; Saraiki is often treated as separate; the Punjabi people are the ethnic group","Not a visible object; speech and text in Shahmukhi or Gurmukhi."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain dialects and scripts","relay features and history","describe status","distinguish from related languages"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Punjabi with Hindi or Urdu","Political framing of script and dialect status","Conflating the language with the people"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution","Provincial language policy in Pakistani Punjab, which is debated","ISO 639 codes"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a language.","Majhi and other eastern dialects","Lehndi or western varieties","Baar di boli and regional dialects","Old Punjabi and pre-Punjabi stages","Punjabi in India and Punjabi in Pakistan","diaspora Punjabi"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q58635: Punjabi","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Punjabi language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Lahnda be separate primary entries?","How should linguistic sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects and stages; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q58635/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q58635/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T05:51:18Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}