{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.black-hole","code":"thing-q589","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q589/","name":"black hole","alternateNames":["supermassive black hole","stellar black hole","direct collapse black hole","intermediate-mass black hole","rotating black hole","rogue black hole","primordial black hole","outsize black hole galaxy","charged black hole","perturbed black hole","extremal black hole","kugelblitz"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.SPC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from inside its event horizon, formed from collapsed stars or in galactic centres.","purpose":"Let an agent describe black holes by mass class, properties, evidence and location, and separate established physics from speculation.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Event horizon from which nothing escapes","Described by mass, spin and charge","Stellar, intermediate and supermassive classes","Primordial black holes are hypothetical"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity","name":"Identity","description":"Which black hole.","layers":[{"id":"designation","name":"Designation","description":"Source name.","findings":[{"id":"designation-finding","name":"Designation","description":"Names and catalogues.","questions":[{"text":"Which source is this black hole associated with?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is its black hole nature confirmed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"class","name":"Class","description":"Mass class.","findings":[{"id":"class-finding","name":"Class","description":"The mass class.","questions":[{"text":"Which mass class does it belong to?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How did it form?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Mass and spin.","layers":[{"id":"mass","name":"Mass","description":"Measured mass.","findings":[{"id":"mass-finding","name":"Mass","description":"Mass and method.","questions":[{"text":"What is its mass, by which method?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What is the uncertainty?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"spin","name":"Spin","description":"Rotation.","findings":[{"id":"spin-finding","name":"Spin","description":"Spin estimate.","questions":[{"text":"How fast does it spin?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How was spin estimated?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence","name":"Evidence","description":"How we know.","layers":[{"id":"methods","name":"Methods","description":"Orbits, accretion, waves, imaging.","findings":[{"id":"methods-finding","name":"Evidence","description":"Evidence type.","questions":[{"text":"Which observations establish it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Could another object explain them?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Observatories.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Observatories involved.","questions":[{"text":"Which observatories provided the data?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where is it published?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"communication","name":"Communication","description":"Explaining black holes.","layers":[{"id":"accuracy","name":"Accuracy","description":"Established vs speculative.","findings":[{"id":"accuracy-finding","name":"Status of claims","description":"Established and speculative claims.","questions":[{"text":"Which claims are established physics and which speculation?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should that be signposted?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"risk","name":"Risk myths","description":"Danger to Earth.","findings":[{"id":"risk-finding","name":"Risk","description":"Actual risk.","questions":[{"text":"Does this black hole pose any risk to Earth?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should alarmist claims be corrected?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain black holes from peer-reviewed science, separating observation from theory.","Report catalogued black holes and their measured properties with sources."],"mustNot":["Present speculation as established fact.","Spread claims that a black hole threatens Earth without scientific basis.","Misrepresent the safety of physics experiments to frighten people."],"requiresHuman":["Correcting widely shared public claims about black hole risks."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Fear stoked by false claims undermines trust in science."],"affectedParties":["The public","Scientists"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns them; the scientific community studies them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1457669","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q368442","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"astronomical object","type":"related","note":"compact object"},{"target":"star","type":"related","note":"stellar collapse"},{"target":"galaxy","type":"related","note":"supermassive black holes"},{"target":"neutron star","type":"related","note":"another compact remnant"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.black-hole","Wikidata: Q589 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589)","source designation: catalogue names such as Cygnus X-1, Sagittarius A* names of objects","gravitational wave event: GW plus date merger events"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["stellar black hole mass: 3-100 solar masses","supermassive mass: 10^5 to 10^10 solar masses - Sagittarius A* about 4 million"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Stars orbiting an unseen mass","X-ray emission from accretion discs","Gravitational wave signals from mergers","Invisible itself; seen as a dark shadow against glowing accreting gas, as in Event Horizon Telescope images, or by effects on nearby stars."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["detect it, indirectly through orbits, accretion, gravitational waves or imaging of its shadow","measure its mass and spin","catalogue it","model it, with general relativity"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting speculation as established","Misleading popular claims about danger to Earth"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IAU nomenclature"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Black holes test gravity, power quasars and shape galaxies.","stellar black holes","intermediate-mass","supermassive","primordial (hypothetical)","rotating (Kerr) black holes"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q589: black hole","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Black hole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should black hole classes be separate entries?","How should hypothetical objects be marked?","How should indirect evidence be graded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q589/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q589/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T05:00:01Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}