{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ginsenoside","code":"thing-q59662497","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q59662497/","name":"ginsenoside","alternateNames":["ginsenoside Rg1","ginsenoside Rg3","ginsenoside Rb1","ginsenoside Rf","ginsenoside B2","Chikusetsusaponin-V","ginsenoside Rd","(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3","Ginsenoside Rg5","ginsenoside F2","ginsenoside C-K","(20S)-ginsenoside Rh2"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A ginsenoside is a member of a family of triterpenoid saponin glycosides characteristic of Panax species, distinguished by their aglycone structures and attached sugar residues.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify a ginsenoside, assess the composition and condition of material containing it, and determine which analytical, handling and use decisions the evidence supports.","scope":{"in":["Family membership, congener names, synonyms and structure-specific identifiers","Aglycone skeleton, sugar residues, glycosidic linkages and stereochemistry","Congener-resolved composition, purity and analytical identification","Source provenance, processing history and chemical transformations","Physical condition, stability and evidence supporting handling or use"],"out":["Taxonomy, cultivation and health of Panax plants","Complete composition and manufacture of ginseng extracts","Finished supplement, food or medicine formulation and labelling","Clinical treatment decisions and patient-specific dosing","Extraction equipment and production-process engineering"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require a defined glycosylated triterpenoid structure rather than identifying a material solely as a plant extract; representative ginsenoside Rg5 is classified as a triterpenoid saponin. [ChEBI](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI%3A67992)","Distinguish a named congener from an unspecified total-ginsenoside fraction by requiring member-resolved identity and composition.","Compare sugar identity, attachment position, linkage and stereochemistry before treating two ginsenoside names as equivalent.","Distinguish a glycoside from its corresponding free aglycone by recording whether sugar residues remain attached.","Require a documented family-membership decision for related saponins rather than accepting botanical origin or a similar name as sufficient."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"ginsenoside-identity","name":"Ginsenoside identity","description":"Resolve what the family label and individual congener names denote.","layers":[{"id":"family-boundary","name":"Family boundary","description":"Establish the chemical and naming criteria for inclusion.","findings":[{"id":"membership-criteria","name":"Membership criteria","description":"Record the adopted definition and explicitly adjudicate related saponins and aglycones.","questions":[{"text":"Which structural and nomenclatural criteria qualify a compound as a ginsenoside under the adopted definition?","id":"membership-criteria-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How are non-dammarane named compounds, related saponins and free aglycones included, excluded or linked?","id":"membership-criteria-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"congener-resolution","name":"Congener resolution","description":"Connect names and identifiers to chemically explicit members.","findings":[{"id":"name-structure-correspondence","name":"Name-structure correspondence","description":"Resolve aliases against complete structures while preserving ambiguity.","questions":[{"text":"Which structure, including stereochemistry, does each supplied congener name or synonym denote?","id":"name-structure-correspondence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which authoritative records support its identifiers, and do those records describe the same stereochemical entity?","id":"name-structure-correspondence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"aglycone-and-sugars","name":"Aglycone and sugars","description":"Describe the structural features needed to distinguish individual ginsenosides.","layers":[{"id":"aglycone-configuration","name":"Aglycone configuration","description":"Capture the core skeleton, substitutions and stereochemical assignment.","findings":[{"id":"core-structure-assignment","name":"Core structure assignment","description":"Identify structural differences that determine congener or stereoisomer identity.","questions":[{"text":"What aglycone skeleton, oxidation pattern and stereocentre assignments define this member?","id":"core-structure-assignment-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence resolves the relevant epimers, including C-20 configuration where applicable?","id":"core-structure-assignment-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"sugar-architecture","name":"Sugar architecture","description":"Capture attached carbohydrate residues and their arrangement.","findings":[{"id":"glycosidic-structure-assignment","name":"Glycosidic structure assignment","description":"Record sugar composition, connectivity and modifications without collapsing positional isomers.","questions":[{"text":"Which sugars are attached at which positions, with what sequence, linkage and anomeric configuration?","id":"glycosidic-structure-assignment-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which analytical evidence distinguishes this arrangement from congeners with the same nominal mass or sugar count?","id":"glycosidic-structure-assignment-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"material-assay-and-quality","name":"Material assay and quality","description":"Establish what a supplied sample contains and how confidently it has been measured.","layers":[{"id":"identity-testing","name":"Identity testing","description":"Evaluate the ability of analytical methods to identify the claimed members.","findings":[{"id":"analytical-specificity","name":"Analytical specificity","description":"Connect identification confidence to standards, separation and structural evidence.","questions":[{"text":"Which reference standards and chromatographic, mass-spectrometric or NMR evidence support each assignment?","id":"analytical-specificity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which coeluting congeners or unresolved stereoisomers could invalidate that assignment?","id":"analytical-specificity-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-assay-basis","name":"Composition and assay basis","description":"Make congener quantities and purity claims comparable.","findings":[{"id":"quantitative-profile","name":"Quantitative profile","description":"Separate actual analyte mass fractions from relative detector response and aggregate estimates.","questions":[{"text":"What is each measured congener's concentration, uncertainty and dry-mass or as-received reporting basis?","id":"quantitative-profile-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does total ginsenoside content mean a sum of resolved analytes or an assay expressed against a surrogate standard?","id":"quantitative-profile-q02","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What residual solvents, water, related congeners or matrix components constrain acceptance for the intended use?","id":"quantitative-profile-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"origin-and-transformation","name":"Origin and transformation","description":"Track where a member came from and how its chemical identity may have changed.","layers":[{"id":"source-history","name":"Source history","description":"Link material to its biological or preparative origin.","findings":[{"id":"origin-attribution","name":"Origin attribution","description":"Preserve botanical, isolation or synthesis evidence without treating origin as proof of structure.","questions":[{"text":"Was the material isolated from a documented species and plant part, synthesized, or obtained through conversion of another compound?","id":"origin-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which lot records and analytical results connect that origin to the material now being assessed?","id":"origin-attribution-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"conversion-and-stability","name":"Conversion and stability","description":"Record demonstrated changes under processing and storage conditions.","findings":[{"id":"congener-change-evidence","name":"Congener change evidence","description":"Distinguish observed transformations from presumed pathways.","questions":[{"text":"Under the recorded heat, pH, enzyme, microbial or storage conditions, which precursor and product congeners were actually measured?","id":"congener-change-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes deglycosylation, epimerization or other chemical change from extraction loss or analytical variation?","id":"congener-change-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which storage conditions and retest interval are supported for this congener in this physical form or solvent?","id":"congener-change-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties-and-use-evidence","name":"Properties and use evidence","description":"Connect member-specific physical properties and safety evidence to proposed actions.","layers":[{"id":"physical-behaviour","name":"Physical behaviour","description":"Evaluate properties under conditions relevant to handling and experiments.","findings":[{"id":"preparation-conditions","name":"Preparation conditions","description":"Record physical form, dissolution and thermal observations for an identified material.","questions":[{"text":"What solubility and solution stability were measured for the exact congener, solvent composition, temperature and pH?","id":"preparation-conditions-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does a reported thermal value represent melting, desolvation or decomposition, and is any boiling-point claim experimentally supported?","id":"preparation-conditions-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"permitted-inferences-and-actions","name":"Permitted inferences and actions","description":"Bound handling and use decisions by the specificity of available evidence.","findings":[{"id":"use-specific-evidence","name":"Use-specific evidence","description":"Match safety, biological and regulatory statements to the exact member, material and context.","questions":[{"text":"Which current safety documents, hazard classifications or exposure limits explicitly apply to this congener and supplied material?","id":"use-specific-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Were cited biological results obtained with this purified congener, a metabolite or a mixed extract, and in what experimental system?","id":"use-specific-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What evidence and jurisdiction-specific requirements must be satisfied before the proposed laboratory, food or medicinal use can proceed?","id":"use-specific-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ginsenoside this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe ginsenosides and the research on them from scientific sources, noting the strength of evidence.","Report ginsenoside content of products from authorized laboratory data."],"mustNot":["Claim that ginsenosides cure or prevent disease without solid clinical evidence.","Advise people on blood thinners, diabetes medicines or in pregnancy to take ginseng products without medical advice.","Misstate ginsenoside content or species on product labels.","Promote harvesting of wild ginseng where it is protected."],"requiresHuman":["Recommending ginseng products to patients alongside prescribed medicines."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Supplement marketing exploits limited research to sell products to sick people.","Wild ginseng is overharvested and protected in several countries."],"affectedParties":["Consumers and patients","Wild ginseng populations","Growers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the compounds; producers answer for products that contain them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Chemical substance databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11173","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ginsenoside","Wikidata: Q59662497 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59662497)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identity resolution: family only | named congener | structure confirmed | unresolved mixture","Congener identifiers: Structure-linked preferred name, synonyms, CAS number, PubChem CID, ChEBI identifier and EC number where established","Aglycone structure: Recorded skeleton and substitution pattern; proposed family membership separately qualified","Glycosylation pattern: Sugar identities, residue count, attachment positions, linkage sequence and anomeric configurations","Stereochemical assignment: Specified stereocentres and configurations | partially assigned | unresolved","Congener content: mg/g, mass %, or mol/L with analyte, matrix, method and reporting basis","Purity and impurity profile: Mass fraction or method-specific chromatographic area %, with water, solvents and related congeners separately identified","Physical form and dissolution behaviour: Solid form or solution composition; solubility in mg/mL at specified solvent, temperature and pH","Transformation history: Precursor, resulting congener, treatment conditions, sampling time and supporting analysis","Handling evidence status: Member- and material-specific safety documentation available | partial | absent"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Purified ginsenosides are white or off-white powders; identity requires laboratory analysis."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a supplied name to a defined congener or retain an explicitly unresolved family-level identity.","Select reference standards and analytical methods appropriate to the proposed congeners and isomers.","Compare lots using congener profiles, assay basis and impurity evidence.","Track changes in ginsenoside composition during processing, storage or experimental conversion.","Determine whether material meets documented requirements for a specified analytical or experimental use.","Retrieve handling and regulatory evidence matched to the identified material and jurisdiction."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Interactions with blood thinners and diabetes medicines.","Adulterated or mislabelled ginseng products."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES Secretariat, which lists American ginseng."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ginsenosides are encountered in plant material, extracts and analytical reference materials derived from or associated with Panax species.","They are studied in natural products chemistry and pharmacology and measured when characterizing the composition and consistency of botanical materials."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q59662497: ginsenoside","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59662497","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ginsenoside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginsenoside","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which authoritative family definition best matches the registry's intended scope, especially for non-dammarane compounds bearing ginsenoside names?","How should related notoginsenoside names, pseudoginsenoside names and deglycosylated metabolites be linked without creating duplicate identities?","Which analytical methods and reference standards adequately resolve the congeners and stereoisomers relevant to each intended material?","Which member-specific physical constants, storage limits and transformation pathways have reproducible experimental support?","Which safety classifications, exposure limits and use permissions are established for individual members, and where is evidence absent?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q59662497/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q59662497/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:00:49Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}