{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.heroin","code":"thing-q60168","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q60168/","name":"heroin","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Heroin, also called diamorphine or diacetylmorphine, is a semisynthetic opioid formed by acetylating morphine's two hydroxyl groups, whose effects arise substantially through conversion to active metabolites including 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to identify heroin as a substance, assess the evidence about a particular sample, and determine which handling, testing or disposition actions require authorization.","scope":{"in":["Chemical identity of heroin and its distinction from related opioids","Free-base and salt forms, with explicit reporting conventions","Composition and analytical identification of heroin-containing materials","Physical condition, packaging and evidence of contamination or degradation","Sample-specific hazards and jurisdiction-dependent handling constraints"],"out":["Synthesis, illicit manufacture or methods for increasing potency","Dosing, administration techniques and treatment protocols","Opioid use disorder and individual patient or exposure records","Complete pharmaceutical product specifications and prescribing workflows","Trafficking networks, criminal investigations and drug-market economics"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Chemical identification must establish diacetylmorphine rather than infer heroin from a generic opioid-positive result.","Analytical evidence must distinguish heroin from morphine, monoacetylmorphine and other related compounds; detecting a related compound alone does not establish that heroin is present.","A material marketed as heroin is distinguished from confirmed heroin by its analytical evidence, not its name, appearance or seller's claim.","Free-base, salt and hydrated forms must be identified before comparing reported concentrations or substance masses.","A regulated diamorphine medicine and an unverified material sold as heroin may refer to the same active substance while differing in formulation, traceability and quality evidence."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"heroin-identity","name":"Heroin identity","description":"Establishes which chemical substance and form the entry represents.","layers":[{"id":"chemical-boundary","name":"Chemical boundary","description":"Defines the chemical referent independently of market terminology.","findings":[{"id":"diacetylmorphine-referent","name":"Diacetylmorphine referent","description":"The identity record should resolve the heroin name to diacetylmorphine and explicitly distinguish related compounds.","questions":[{"text":"Which authoritative chemical record establishes the identifiers and synonym relationship for heroin, diamorphine and diacetylmorphine?","id":"diacetylmorphine-referent-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes the identified substance from morphine, monoacetylmorphine or another opioid?","id":"diacetylmorphine-referent-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"chemical-form-and-label","name":"Chemical form and label","description":"Separates chemical form from product and market descriptions.","findings":[{"id":"form-specific-identity","name":"Form-specific identity","description":"A salt designation, pharmaceutical label or illicit-market name carries different identity claims that require separate evidence.","questions":[{"text":"Is the material identified as heroin free base, a specified salt or an unresolved form?","id":"form-specific-identity-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does the name describe an analytically identified substance, a documented medicine or merely a claim about the material?","id":"form-specific-identity-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-detection","name":"Composition and detection","description":"Captures what testing establishes about heroin content and other constituents.","layers":[{"id":"analytical-identification","name":"Analytical identification","description":"Records the specificity and limits of evidence used to identify heroin.","findings":[{"id":"method-bounded-confirmation","name":"Method-bounded confirmation","description":"Identification conclusions should retain the method, reference evidence and limitations that support them.","questions":[{"text":"Which analytical method and reference material support identifying heroin in this sample?","id":"method-bounded-confirmation-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Can the method distinguish heroin from relevant related compounds, and what detection limits or interferences apply?","id":"method-bounded-confirmation-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"content-and-mixtures","name":"Content and mixtures","description":"Makes heroin quantity and accompanying substances interpretable.","findings":[{"id":"composition-with-explicit-basis","name":"Composition with explicit basis","description":"Quantitative results should specify their chemical basis and distinguish detected constituents from substances outside the test scope.","questions":[{"text":"What heroin content was measured, with which units, uncertainty and free-base or salt reporting basis?","id":"composition-with-explicit-basis-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which additional opioids, adulterants, excipients or impurities were tested for, detected or left unassessed?","id":"composition-with-explicit-basis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"material-condition-and-sampling","name":"Material condition and sampling","description":"Connects the assessed material's condition to the reach of analytical conclusions.","layers":[{"id":"condition-and-change","name":"Condition and change","description":"Tracks observations and evidence of chemical or physical change.","findings":[{"id":"condition-evidence","name":"Condition evidence","description":"Storage history and observations should be recorded separately from analytically established degradation or contamination.","questions":[{"text":"What packaging, storage history, moisture exposure and visible condition are documented for this material?","id":"condition-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What analytical evidence supports degradation or contamination, and can it distinguish change over time from the original composition?","id":"condition-evidence-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"sampling-reach","name":"Sampling reach","description":"Defines which portion, package or lot an analytical result can describe.","findings":[{"id":"representative-heroin-content","name":"Representative heroin content","description":"A tested portion should not automatically establish the composition of every portion in a heroin-containing mixture.","questions":[{"text":"Which portion or package was sampled, and what sampling record connects it to the material under assessment?","id":"representative-heroin-content-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence supports extending its heroin and co-occurring-substance results to the remaining material?","id":"representative-heroin-content-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"hazards-and-action-boundaries","name":"Hazards and action boundaries","description":"Organizes evidence needed for safe decisions about heroin-containing material.","layers":[{"id":"hazard-evidence","name":"Hazard evidence","description":"Links hazard assessments to heroin, its form and confirmed or unresolved mixture constituents.","findings":[{"id":"substance-and-mixture-hazards","name":"Substance and mixture hazards","description":"Hazard records should cite applicable evidence and retain uncertainty about uncharacterized constituents.","questions":[{"text":"Which authoritative hazard references apply to the identified heroin form and detected co-occurring substances?","id":"substance-and-mixture-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which composition uncertainties prevent a sufficiently supported assessment of the proposed handling activity?","id":"substance-and-mixture-hazards-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"qualified-handling-decisions","name":"Qualified handling decisions","description":"Connects proposed activities to qualified procedures and escalation routes.","findings":[{"id":"handling-and-escalation","name":"Handling and escalation","description":"The model should support referral to applicable procedures without supplying dosing or administration instructions.","questions":[{"text":"Which approved procedure governs containment, laboratory examination or disposal of this heroin-containing material?","id":"handling-and-escalation-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What evidence of compromised containment or suspected exposure requires stopping the activity and invoking the relevant emergency procedure?","id":"handling-and-escalation-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"provenance-and-control","name":"Provenance and control","description":"Separates material traceability, regulated-product claims and legal permissions.","layers":[{"id":"origin-and-product-status","name":"Origin and product status","description":"Evaluates the evidence behind origin and pharmaceutical-product claims.","findings":[{"id":"traceable-diamorphine-material","name":"Traceable diamorphine material","description":"Product and custody records should establish which claims attach to the material and which remain unverified.","questions":[{"text":"Which supplier, manufacturer, lot and custody records connect the material to its claimed origin?","id":"traceable-diamorphine-material-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"If pharmaceutical status is claimed, which product authorization and quality records support that claim for this specific material?","id":"traceable-diamorphine-material-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"jurisdiction-and-permissions","name":"Jurisdiction and permissions","description":"Determines the current rules for the specific material and proposed activity.","findings":[{"id":"activity-specific-control","name":"Activity-specific control","description":"Legal classification and authorization should be tied to a jurisdiction, effective date, actor and activity.","questions":[{"text":"Which current legal source classifies heroin or diamorphine in the relevant jurisdiction, including applicable preparations or exceptions?","id":"activity-specific-control-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What authorization and records are required for the proposed possession, testing, transfer or disposal?","id":"activity-specific-control-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe heroin, its effects, risks and legal status from public health sources.","Point people affected by opioid use to treatment, harm reduction and support services.","Tell anyone witnessing a suspected overdose to call emergency services."],"mustNot":["Assist in making, buying, selling, transporting or concealing heroin outside lawful medical use.","Give guidance on using or dosing heroin or combining it with other drugs.","Shame or stigmatize people who use drugs.","Share a person's drug use history without consent."],"requiresHuman":["Any clinical decision on opioid treatment.","Handling or destroying seized material."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Heroin causes dependence, overdose deaths and devastating harm to families.","Stigma keeps people from seeking help; dignity improves outcomes."],"affectedParties":["People who use drugs","Families and children","First responders"]},"owners":{"steward":"Licensed medical holders where it is a controlled medicine; otherwise the authorities that seize it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National drug control and licensing records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q10268802","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q126615226","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.heroin","Wikidata: Q60168 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identity evidence: claimed | presumptively indicated | analytically confirmed | inconclusive | not detected within stated method limits","Chemical form: free base | identified salt with hydration state | unresolved","Heroin content: % mass fraction, mg/g or mg/mL, with analyte basis, uncertainty and method","Co-occurring substances: identified substances linked to results, detection limits and tested analytical scope","Physical presentation: powder | solid mass | solution | other documented presentation","Material condition: documented observations of moisture, seal integrity, visible contamination and analytical change; unknown where unassessed","Sample representativeness: supported by sampling evidence | limited to tested portion | unknown","Traceability: links to source records, product or lot identifiers, sample identifiers and custody events","Applicable control status: jurisdiction, effective date, legal classification and activity-specific authorization"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A white, off-white or brown powder, or a dark sticky substance.","Often found in small packets or wraps."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Compare declared identity with analytical evidence and flag unresolved discrepancies.","Request qualified testing that distinguishes heroin from related compounds and assesses relevant co-occurring substances.","Determine whether composition results apply only to a tested portion or support a broader material claim.","Flag material for restricted handling when identity, composition, containment or authorization is unresolved.","Route storage, transfer, testing and disposal decisions to authorized personnel using applicable documented requirements."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Overdose stops breathing and can be fatal.","Street supply is often mixed with stronger synthetic opioids.","Shared equipment spreads blood-borne infections."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, United Nations."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Heroin is encountered in illicit drug markets, forensic investigations and research on opioids and dependence.","Under the name diamorphine, it also has tightly controlled medical uses in some countries.","Assessment of a particular sample requires analytical evidence because appearance and reported origin cannot establish its identity or composition."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q60168: heroin","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Heroin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does an existing Vercy substance or world model already own diamorphine, requiring this registry entry to link to it?","Which authoritative chemical references and analytical standards should govern identification of heroin, its salts and related compounds?","Which sampling and testing evidence is sufficient to characterize heterogeneous materials represented as heroin?","Which form-specific stability and contamination references support condition assessments without importing pharmaceutical assumptions into unverified mixtures?","Which jurisdictions and authorized activities must the initial model support, and how will their legal sources be kept current?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q60168/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q60168/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T11:39:17Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}