{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.upanishads","code":"thing-q6113985","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6113985/","name":"Upanishads","alternateNames":["Samanya Upanishads","Shakta Upanishads","Vaishnava Upanishads","Shaiva Upanishads","Yoga Upanishads","Samanya Vedanta Upanishads","Mukhya Upanishads"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The Upanishads are the historically layered concluding (vedānta) stratum of Vedic śruti: Sanskrit texts transmitted inside named recensional schools (śākhās) that treat knowledge of ātman and brahman as the means of liberation, and that later Vedānta systems take as their primary scripture.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to identify Upanishadic texts and collections, assess the evidence for their identity and interpretation, and decide how they may be compared, cited, translated, or reused.","scope":{"in":["Corpus membership claims and the authorities or traditions supporting them","Individual Upanishads, alternate titles, internal divisions, and relationships to collections","Relationships among manuscripts, recensions, editions, translations, and passages","Textual evidence for teachings, dialogues, interpretive claims, and disagreements","Evidence quality and constraints affecting citation, comparison, translation, and reuse"],"out":["The complete Vedic corpus beyond relationships needed to identify or contextualise an Upanishad","Comprehensive models of philosophical schools that interpret Upanishadic texts","Independent biographies of attributed authors, speakers, commentators, or translators","Material conservation and ownership histories of manuscript objects beyond relevant provenance links","Religious institutions, practitioners, and ritual activities as independently managed entities"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["An Upanishad membership claim must identify supporting evidence or an explicitly named authority; discussion of similar philosophical themes alone does not establish membership.","A commentary, translation, or anthology must be distinguishable from the Upanishadic work or passage it presents.","An individual Upanishad must be distinguishable from a collection bearing an Upanishads title; collection membership must not silently establish universal corpus boundaries.","Shared titles or overlapping passages must trigger a work-identity check rather than automatic merging of textual forms.","A claim about the whole corpus must be distinguishable from a teaching attributed to one passage, speaker, text, or interpretive tradition."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"corpus-membership-and-identity","name":"Corpus membership and identity","description":"Establishes what the registered Upanishads entry includes and how its constituent works are recognised.","layers":[{"id":"membership-authorities","name":"Membership authorities","description":"Records the basis and limits of a text's inclusion among the Upanishads.","findings":[{"id":"situated-membership","name":"Situated membership","description":"Membership is assessed against identified evidence rather than inferred solely from a title or subject.","questions":[{"text":"Which collection, catalogue, textual attestation, or tradition identifies this work as an Upanishad?","id":"situated-membership-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does that evidence establish membership within one named collection or support a broader claim?","id":"situated-membership-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"work-and-title-boundaries","name":"Work and title boundaries","description":"Separates alternate names, distinct works, excerpts, and collection titles.","findings":[{"id":"title-to-work-resolution","name":"Title-to-work resolution","description":"Title matching remains distinguishable from demonstrated textual identity.","questions":[{"text":"What incipit, colophon, passage sequence, or catalogue evidence identifies the work behind this title?","id":"title-to-work-resolution-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Do differently titled resources represent the same work, related textual forms, or distinct works?","id":"title-to-work-resolution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"vedic-context-and-historical-evidence","name":"Vedic context and historical evidence","description":"Connects Upanishadic works to their claimed textual settings and qualified historical accounts.","layers":[{"id":"textual-affiliation","name":"Textual affiliation","description":"Examines connections to a Veda, branch, or enclosing textual work.","findings":[{"id":"affiliation-evidence","name":"Affiliation evidence","description":"An affiliation claim carries its supporting source and the kind of relationship asserted.","questions":[{"text":"What source supports the claimed Vedic or branch affiliation of this Upanishad?","id":"affiliation-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the relationship textual embedding, transmitted association, or a later classification?","id":"affiliation-evidence-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-attribution","name":"Composition and attribution","description":"Qualifies claims about composition, redaction, attribution, and attestation.","findings":[{"id":"historical-claim-separation","name":"Historical claim separation","description":"Historical assessments specify which textual stage or attributed role they concern.","questions":[{"text":"Does the proposed date concern composition, redaction, a surviving witness, or a documented citation?","id":"historical-claim-separation-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence supports the date or attribution, and which competing assessments remain unresolved?","id":"historical-claim-separation-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"textual-transmission-and-passages","name":"Textual transmission and passages","description":"Makes the wording, extent, and location of Upanishadic passages traceable across textual resources.","layers":[{"id":"witnesses-and-editorial-decisions","name":"Witnesses and editorial decisions","description":"Distinguishes transmitted readings from editorial reconstruction and incomplete evidence.","findings":[{"id":"reading-support","name":"Reading support","description":"A quoted reading can be traced to a witness or edition and assessed for relevant uncertainty.","questions":[{"text":"Which witness or edition supplies this reading, and what textual basis does it disclose?","id":"reading-support-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are missing passages, conjectural restorations, or variant readings material to the proposed interpretation?","id":"reading-support-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"passage-addressing-and-alignment","name":"Passage addressing and alignment","description":"Resolves divisions and numbering across editions, recensions, and translations.","findings":[{"id":"verifiable-passage-correspondence","name":"Verifiable passage correspondence","description":"Passage correspondence is checked through textual content and declared reference conventions.","questions":[{"text":"Which division and numbering system locates this passage, and what wording disambiguates it?","id":"verifiable-passage-correspondence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How much of the selected passage corresponds across the compared resources, including omissions or additions?","id":"verifiable-passage-correspondence-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"teachings-and-interpretive-accountability","name":"Teachings and interpretive accountability","description":"Connects statements about Upanishadic teachings to their textual and interpretive contexts.","layers":[{"id":"speakers-and-teaching-context","name":"Speakers and teaching context","description":"Examines the role of dialogue, instruction, objection, and surrounding passages.","findings":[{"id":"context-bound-teaching-claims","name":"Context-bound teaching claims","description":"A teaching claim specifies who speaks, what is asserted, and the textual extent supporting the reading.","questions":[{"text":"Who presents this statement, to whom, and is it instruction, a question, an objection, or a reported position?","id":"context-bound-teaching-claims-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What evidence justifies extending this statement beyond its passage to the work or wider Upanishadic corpus?","id":"context-bound-teaching-claims-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"terms-translations-and-commentaries","name":"Terms, translations, and commentaries","description":"Makes interpretations of terms such as ātman and brahman inspectable at the passage level.","findings":[{"id":"interpretation-source-links","name":"Interpretation source links","description":"Meaning claims retain the wording and interpretive sources on which they depend.","questions":[{"text":"How does this translation or commentary interpret the relevant term in this particular passage?","id":"interpretation-source-links-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which textual, grammatical, or commentarial evidence supports that reading and any recorded alternatives?","id":"interpretation-source-links-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"citation-translation-and-permitted-use","name":"Citation, translation, and permitted use","description":"Governs agent actions involving Upanishadic quotations, translations, excerpts, and digital resources.","layers":[{"id":"faithful-textual-presentation","name":"Faithful textual presentation","description":"Preserves distinctions between source wording, translation, paraphrase, and explanatory additions.","findings":[{"id":"quotation-and-translation-readiness","name":"Quotation and translation readiness","description":"A proposed presentation identifies its source passage and discloses transformations affecting meaning.","questions":[{"text":"Can the quotation be verified against a named edition and passage rather than an unattributed saying?","id":"quotation-and-translation-readiness-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What attribution and labelling are needed for an existing translation, an agent-produced translation, or a paraphrase?","id":"quotation-and-translation-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"resource-access-and-reuse","name":"Resource access and reuse","description":"Assesses the conditions applying to the particular edition, translation, scan, or recording being used.","findings":[{"id":"use-specific-eligibility","name":"Use-specific eligibility","description":"Reuse decisions refer to the selected resource and proposed action rather than the age of the underlying work alone.","questions":[{"text":"What licence, rights statement, or access condition applies to this specific resource?","id":"use-specific-eligibility-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do the documented conditions support the proposed quotation, redistribution, adaptation, or computational processing?","id":"use-specific-eligibility-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Upanishads this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Quote and explain the Upanishads, naming the text, recension and translation used.","Present different traditions of interpretation, such as the schools of Vedanta, fairly."],"mustNot":["Mock or trivialize the Upanishads or the communities that hold them sacred.","Present one sectarian or modern reading as the only meaning.","Invent verses or attribute quotations to the Upanishads without a source.","Use the texts to justify caste discrimination or hatred."],"requiresHuman":["Settling contested questions of authenticity or interpretation in published material."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The Upanishads are sacred scripture for many Hindus and deserve respect.","Selective quotation has been used both for nationalism and for exclusion."],"affectedParties":["Hindu communities","Scholars and students","Readers of translations"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the texts; living traditions and their teachers transmit them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1194040","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q179461","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q7725634","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.upanishads","Wikidata: Q6113985 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6113985)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Unit represented: corpus | collection | work | recension | witness | edition | translation | passage","Membership assessment: supported within a named authority | contested | unverified | excluded within a named authority","Title correspondence: attested title, language or script, spelling variant, and proposed corresponding work","Vedic affiliation: claimed Veda, branch, or enclosing textual context, with evidence and qualification","Textual completeness: complete relative to a named reference | fragmentary | excerpted | reconstructed | undetermined","Passage alignment coverage: percentage of a declared passage set aligned between specified textual forms, with alignment method","Historical attribution status: traditional attribution recorded | research attribution supported | disputed | undetermined","Interpretive dependence: claim linked to passage, textual form, translation, commentator, or interpretive tradition","Reuse assessment: permitted for specified use | permission required | restricted | undetermined"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a title or quotation to candidate Upanishads while retaining ambiguous matches.","Evaluate corpus membership against a declared collection, authority, or research criterion.","Align passages across textual forms and expose variants that affect interpretation.","Compare interpretations with explicit links to passages and interpretive sources.","Prepare edition-specific citations and clearly labelled translations or paraphrases.","Determine whether a particular textual resource supports a proposed quotation, publication, or computational use."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misattributed quotations spread widely online.","Commercial use can misrepresent sacred content."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 15919, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, provides transliteration conventions applicable to editions written in Devanagari and related Indic scripts."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["These texts are encountered in Hindu scriptural study, oral recitation and philosophical teaching.","They are used to explore the self, ultimate reality, knowledge and liberation within several interpretive traditions.","Scholarly work compares recensions, commentaries and translations to investigate their language, transmission and reception."]}},"sources":[{"title":"The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation","url":"","note":"Critical Sanskrit text, translation, dating discussion, recensions, and the scholarly core of the principal Upanishads (Oxford University Press, 1998)."},{"title":"Upaniṣads (Oxford World's Classics)","url":"","note":"Accessible annotated translations and introduction on canon, chronology, and ātman-brahman teaching (Oxford University Press, 1996)."},{"title":"The Principal Upanishads","url":"","note":"Standard Indian philosophical edition of the principal texts with commentary in the Vedānta tradition (George Allen & Unwin, 1953)."},{"title":"The Philosophy of the Upanishads","url":"","note":"Classic systematic account of Upanishadic doctrine and its relation to later Vedānta (T. & T. Clark, English ed. 1906)."},{"title":"Upanishad","url":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Upanishad","note":"Reference overview of the corpus, principal titles, Vedic affiliation, and role in Hindu philosophy (Encyclopaedia Britannica)."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q6113985: Upanishads","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6113985","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Upanishads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanishads","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which membership authorities and collections should anchor the initial corpus coverage, and how should their disagreements be represented?","Which similarly titled texts require separate work identities, and which are alternate titles or textual forms of one work?","Which editions and witness catalogues provide a sufficiently documented basis for passage alignment and variant assessment?","Which historical affiliations, dates, and attributions remain disputed after source review?","Which translations and interpretive traditions should be represented initially to make consequential disagreements visible?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q6113985/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q6113985/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T11:41:58Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties.","interaction.recognition":"The textual corpus has no fixed visual appearance that distinguishes it across manuscripts, scripts, printed editions and translations."},"score":1.0}}