{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.political-coalition","code":"thing-q6138528","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6138528/","name":"political coalition","alternateNames":["political coalition in Bulgaria","Blackberry coalition","coalition Belgium","Bürgerblock-Regierung","black-green coalition","Milazzism","common front"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ORG"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An alliance of political parties, often formed to create a governing majority in parliamentary systems where no single party wins one, or to contest elections jointly, with coalition agreements setting policy and posts; coalitions are commonly named by party colours or symbols, as in German black-green coalitions of CDU/CSU and Greens and the Blackberry coalition of CDU, SPD and BSW formed in Thuringia after the 2024 state election, while historical examples the registry aliases name include the Burgerblock governments of bourgeois parties in interwar Austria and Switzerland, Milazzism, the 1958 Sicilian regional government of Silvio Milazzo uniting parties from left and right against the Christian Democrats, and coalitions in Bulgaria and Belgium, where long negotiations are frequent. Evaluations of specific coalitions are attributed.","purpose":"Let an agent explain political coalitions, relay formation, types, stability, agreements and named examples from political science and news sources with evaluations attributed, and distinguish coalitions from single-party governments, confidence and supply arrangements, electoral alliances, grand coalitions as a subtype and mergers of parties.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Multiple parties","Coalition agreements","Colour naming conventions","Stability varies"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a political coalition is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a political coalition, and how does it differ from single-party government, confidence and supply, electoral alliances, grand coalitions and mergers?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a specific government, theory or history?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"examples","name":"Examples","description":"Named coalitions.","findings":[{"id":"examples-finding","name":"Examples","description":"Examples.","questions":[{"text":"What were or are Burgerblock governments, Milazzism, black-green and Blackberry coalitions, and coalitions in Bulgaria and Belgium?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific coalition?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"theory","name":"Theory","description":"Coalition theory.","layers":[{"id":"formation","name":"Formation","description":"Formation theories.","findings":[{"id":"formation-finding","name":"Formation","description":"Formation.","questions":[{"text":"What do minimal winning and policy-based coalition theories predict?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"stability","name":"Stability","description":"Stability.","findings":[{"id":"stability-finding","name":"Stability","description":"Stability.","questions":[{"text":"What makes coalitions stable or collapse, as political scientists report?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Practice.","layers":[{"id":"agreements","name":"Agreements","description":"Coalition agreements.","findings":[{"id":"agreements-finding","name":"Agreements","description":"Agreements.","questions":[{"text":"What do coalition agreements contain, as in German practice?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits coalition agreement?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"current","name":"Current","description":"Current governments.","findings":[{"id":"current-finding","name":"Current","description":"Current.","questions":[{"text":"Which coalitions govern now, checked against current sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"interwar","name":"Interwar","description":"Interwar bourgeois blocs.","findings":[{"id":"interwar-finding","name":"Interwar","description":"Interwar.","questions":[{"text":"How did Burgerblock governments form in interwar Austria and Switzerland, with interpretations attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits First Austrian Republic?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"colours","name":"Colours","description":"Colour names.","findings":[{"id":"colours-finding","name":"Colours","description":"Colours.","questions":[{"text":"Why are coalitions named after party colours, such as traffic light and Jamaica?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how coalitions form and work in different political systems.","Report the composition of a named coalition with sources and dates."],"mustNot":["Frame a specific coalition in a partisan way or campaign for or against it.","Present the composition of a past government as current.","Invent or misstate the terms of a coalition agreement.","Generate deceptive material about coalition talks to influence voters."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing claims about secret coalition deals involving named politicians."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Coalitions decide who governs; honest information about them supports voters' choices.","Smaller parties and minorities often depend on coalitions for representation."],"affectedParties":["Voters","Parties and their members"]},"owners":{"steward":"The parties that form it; parliaments and electoral authorities keep official records of governments.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q124964","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q60170135","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"political alliance","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"coalition government","type":"related"},{"target":"grand coalition","type":"related"},{"target":"confidence and supply","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.political-coalition","Wikidata: Q6138528 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6138528)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Belgian government formation record: 541 days note - 2010-2011","Milazzo government: 1958 year - Sicily","Blackberry coalitions: from 2024 note - eastern German states, check current"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Alliance of political parties","Political coalition in Bulgaria, Blackberry coalition, coalition in Belgium, Burgerblock government, black-green coalition, Milazzism","Single-party governments rule alone; confidence and supply is external support; electoral alliances may not govern; grand coalitions join the largest parties; mergers create new parties","Not a physical object; seen in signed agreements, joint cabinets and colour-coded names."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain formation and types","relay coalition agreements","describe named coalitions","present evaluations with attribution"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Partisan framing of specific coalitions","Stale government composition","Treating instances as kinds"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Constitutional rules on government formation","Party and electoral laws"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Forming governments and joint electoral fronts.","minimal winning coalitions","grand coalitions","minority coalitions","electoral coalitions","national unity governments"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q6138528: political coalition","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6138528","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: List of political groups by country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_groups_by_country","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["The registry aliases for named coalitions should be split off as instances","How should current governments be kept up to date?","Should colour-coded coalition names be a separate entry?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q6138528/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q6138528/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:07:56Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}