{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.central-bank","code":"thing-q66344","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q66344/","name":"central bank","alternateNames":["Landeszentralbank","President of the Bank of Guatemala"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ORG"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A public institution that manages a state s or monetary union s currency, money supply and interest rates, acts as lender of last resort to banks, often supervises the banking system and holds foreign reserves, such as the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank with national central banks and historically the German Landeszentralbanken, the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan and the Bank of Guatemala; most modern central banks operate with a degree of independence under mandates for price stability and sometimes employment or financial stability.","purpose":"Let an agent explain central banks and their functions, relay monetary policy tools, independence and governance from economics sources with attribution, describe major central banks, and distinguish central banks from commercial banks, treasuries and currency boards, without giving personal financial advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Monetary policy","Lender of last resort","Currency issue","Independence"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a central bank is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and functions.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a central bank, and what functions does it perform?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about central banks in general, a specific bank, or a personal financial decision the model does not advise on?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"How do national, supranational and regional central banks such as the Landeszentralbanken and Federal Reserve Banks differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific bank?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Monetary policy.","layers":[{"id":"tools","name":"Tools","description":"Tools.","findings":[{"id":"tools-finding","name":"Tools","description":"Tools.","questions":[{"text":"How do interest rates, open market operations, reserve requirements and quantitative easing work, as economists describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"mandates","name":"Mandates","description":"Mandates and independence.","findings":[{"id":"mandates-finding","name":"Mandates","description":"Mandates.","questions":[{"text":"What mandates do central banks have, and what debates surround independence and accountability, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"stability","name":"Stability","description":"Financial stability.","layers":[{"id":"lender","name":"Lender","description":"Lender of last resort.","findings":[{"id":"lender-finding","name":"Lender","description":"Lender.","questions":[{"text":"How do central banks act in crises, and what happened in 2008 and 2020, as accounts describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"supervision","name":"Supervision","description":"Supervision.","findings":[{"id":"supervision-finding","name":"Supervision","description":"Supervision.","questions":[{"text":"How do central banks supervise banks and manage payment systems and reserves?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits banking supervision?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and future.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did central banks develop from the Riksbank and Bank of England to modern institutions?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of central banking?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"future","name":"Future","description":"Digital currencies.","findings":[{"id":"future-finding","name":"Future","description":"Future.","questions":[{"text":"What are central bank digital currencies, and what debates surround them, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits central bank digital currency?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report central bank decisions, rates and publications from official sources.","Explain the role and tools of central banks in general terms."],"mustNot":["Impersonate a central bank or its officials.","Spread false rumours about central bank actions that could move markets.","Give personalized investment advice based on expected central bank moves.","Promote fraudulent schemes claiming central bank backing."],"requiresHuman":["Any trade or financial decision for a user."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Central bank decisions affect inflation, jobs and savings for everyone.","Scams often use central bank names to deceive people."],"affectedParties":["Savers and borrowers","Workers","Banks and markets"]},"owners":{"steward":"The state or monetary union that establishes it, under its statute.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q17990971","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q22687","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q327333","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q6899005","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q895526","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"bank","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"government agency","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"monetary policy","type":"related","note":"through interest rates and other tools"},{"target":"currency","type":"related","note":"as legal tender"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.central-bank","Wikidata: Q66344 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66344)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["oldest central bank: Sveriges Riksbank institution - 1668","common inflation target: about 2 percent - many advanced economies","ECB established: 1998 year"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Monetary authority of a state or union","Federal Reserve, ECB and national central banks, Landeszentralbanken, Bank of England, Bank of Guatemala","Commercial banks serve customers; treasuries manage government finances; currency boards fix exchange rates without discretion","Not a visible object; an institution, often in a landmark building."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain functions","relay policy tools and governance","describe major central banks","distinguish from other institutions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving personal financial advice","Presenting policy debates as settled","Confusing central banks with commercial banks or treasuries"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Central bank statutes and mandates","Bank for International Settlements and Basel Committee standards","IMF transparency codes"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Managing money and monetary stability.","national central banks such as the Federal Reserve and Bank of England","supranational central banks such as the ECB with its Eurosystem","regional components such as the former Landeszentralbanken and Federal Reserve Banks","central banks in developing economies such as the Bank of Guatemala","currency boards and monetary authorities as related forms"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q66344: central bank","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66344","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Central bank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should monetary policy and central bank independence be separate primary entries?","How should economics sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming a regional bank type and an office; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q66344/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q66344/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T05:09:41Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}