{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.glycosyltransferases","code":"thing-q67201373","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q67201373/","name":"glycosyltransferases","alternateNames":["Diphtheria toxin (NAD+-dipthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase)","(Skp1-protein)-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase","Alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming)","Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase","Protein O-GlcNAc transferase","protein xylosyltransferase","Nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating)","Dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase","1,3-beta-galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase","1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase","arabinosyltransferase","Limonoid glucosyltransferase"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A large class of enzymes that transfer a glycosyl group from a donor, usually a nucleotide sugar, to an acceptor such as another sugar, a protein, a lipid or a small molecule, building the glycans and glycoconjugates central to biology; the registry aliases name specific glycosyltransferases such as protein O-GlcNAc transferase and protein xylosyltransferase, along with ADP-ribosyltransferases including diphtheria toxin, which transfer ADP-ribosyl groups and belong within the EC glycosyltransferase classification. Glycosyltransferases underlie blood group antigens, cell signalling and drug and vaccine glycosylation, and are studied in glycobiology.","purpose":"Let an agent explain glycosyltransferases, relay their reaction, classification, biological roles and examples from biochemistry sources, describe the named enzymes and the inclusion of ADP-ribosyltransferases within the EC glycosyltransferase classification, and distinguish glycosyltransferases from glycosidases and other transferase classes.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Transfer sugars","Build glycans","Many families","Central to glycobiology"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What glycosyltransferases are.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a glycosyltransferase, and how does it differ from glycosidases, other transferases and ADP-ribosyltransferases?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about biochemistry, glycobiology or a specific enzyme?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"enzymes","name":"Enzymes","description":"Named enzymes.","findings":[{"id":"enzymes-finding","name":"Enzymes","description":"Enzymes.","questions":[{"text":"What are protein O-GlcNAc transferase and xylosyltransferase, and why are the diphtheria toxin and other ADP-ribosyltransferases different?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific enzyme?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"biochemistry","name":"Biochemistry","description":"Reaction.","layers":[{"id":"reaction","name":"Reaction","description":"Sugar transfer.","findings":[{"id":"reaction-finding","name":"Reaction","description":"Reaction.","questions":[{"text":"How do glycosyltransferases transfer sugars from donors to acceptors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"classification","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","findings":[{"id":"classification-finding","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"How are glycosyltransferases classified in CAZy families?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Roles.","layers":[{"id":"glycans","name":"Glycans","description":"Building glycans.","findings":[{"id":"glycans-finding","name":"Glycans","description":"Glycans.","questions":[{"text":"How do glycosyltransferases build glycans and glycoconjugates?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits glycosylation?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"bloodgroups","name":"Blood groups","description":"Blood group antigens.","findings":[{"id":"bloodgroups-finding","name":"Blood groups","description":"Blood groups.","questions":[{"text":"How do glycosyltransferases determine ABO blood group antigens?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information accurate?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"drugs","name":"Drugs","description":"Drug and vaccine glycosylation.","findings":[{"id":"drugs-finding","name":"Drugs","description":"Drugs.","questions":[{"text":"How does glycosylation affect biologic drugs and vaccines?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits biopharmaceutical?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Glycobiology.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"How are glycosyltransferases studied in glycobiology?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe glycosyltransferase families and their roles from scientific databases.","Look up enzyme classification and sequence entries in public databases."],"mustNot":["Present research findings on these enzymes as approved treatments.","Claim a link between an enzyme variant and a disease in a specific person.","Misrepresent database entries or invent enzyme functions.","Share identifiable genetic data from research participants."],"requiresHuman":["Using enzyme variant data in a clinical decision for a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Defects in glycosylation cause rare diseases that families need honest information about.","Research data can identify participants if handled carelessly."],"affectedParties":["Patients with glycosylation disorders","Research participants","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the enzymes; curators of enzyme and carbohydrate databases keep the reference entries.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Enzyme classification and carbohydrate-active enzyme databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q407355","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"transferase","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"glycan","type":"related"},{"target":"glycoside hydrolase","type":"related"},{"target":"ADP-ribosyltransferase","type":"related","note":"misfiled alias"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.glycosyltransferases","Wikidata: Q67201373 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67201373)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["donor: usually a nucleotide sugar note","CAZy classification: many GT families note","registry parent: transferase note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["These enzymes transfer a glycosyl group to an acceptor.","Examples include diphtheria toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase, Skp1-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase, dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase, protein O-GlcNAc transferase and protein xylosyltransferase.","Glycosidases break glycosidic bonds, other transferase classes move different groups, and ADP-ribosyltransferases transfer ADP-ribosyl groups within the EC glycosyltransferase classification.","Not visible; proteins studied as reagents and in structures."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the reaction and classification","relay biological roles","describe named enzymes","flag misfiled aliases"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Incorrectly excluding ADP-ribosyltransferases from the EC glycosyltransferase classification can mislead users.","Glycosyltransferases can be confused with glycosidases.","Glycobiology can be oversimplified."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzyme Commission nomenclature","CAZy database classification"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Building glycans by transferring sugars.","nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases","protein glycosyltransferases such as OGT","lipid glycosyltransferases","polysaccharide synthases"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q67201373: glycosyltransferases","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67201373","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Glycosyltransferase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosyltransferase","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["The registry ADP-ribosyltransferase aliases should be reviewed as a different class","How should CAZy families be linked?","Should protein glycosyltransferases be a separate entry?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q67201373/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q67201373/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T02:35:30Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}