{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.magnetic-cloud","code":"thing-q6731527","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6731527/","name":"magnetic cloud","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.SPC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A transient structure in the solar wind with a strong, smoothly rotating magnetic field, low proton temperature and low plasma beta, forming part of many interplanetary coronal mass ejections; magnetic clouds are identified by spacecraft measurements and are major drivers of geomagnetic storms when their fields point southward.","purpose":"Let an agent explain magnetic clouds, their origin in coronal mass ejections, their identification and their role in space weather, with sourced data.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Strong rotating magnetic field","Low proton temperature","Low plasma beta","Geomagnetic driver"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"define","name":"Define","description":"What magnetic clouds are.","layers":[{"id":"criteria","name":"Criteria","description":"Identification.","findings":[{"id":"criteria-finding","name":"Criteria","description":"Identification.","questions":[{"text":"Which measurements identify a magnetic cloud, and what are the defining criteria?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does it relate to the broader coronal mass ejection?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Flux ropes.","findings":[{"id":"structure-finding","name":"Structure","description":"Structure.","questions":[{"text":"How is a magnetic cloud modelled as a flux rope, and what does the field rotation indicate?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How large and fast are they?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"From the Sun.","layers":[{"id":"cme","name":"CME","description":"Coronal mass ejections.","findings":[{"id":"cme-finding","name":"CME","description":"Coronal mass ejections.","questions":[{"text":"How do coronal mass ejections produce magnetic clouds, according to current understanding?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do all ejections contain clouds?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"propagation","name":"Propagation","description":"Travel to Earth.","findings":[{"id":"propagation-finding","name":"Propagation","description":"Propagation.","questions":[{"text":"How do magnetic clouds evolve as they travel through the solar wind?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How long do they take to reach Earth?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"effects","name":"Effects","description":"Space weather.","layers":[{"id":"storms","name":"Storms","description":"Geomagnetic storms.","findings":[{"id":"storms-finding","name":"Storms","description":"Geomagnetic storms.","questions":[{"text":"Why do southward-pointing cloud fields cause geomagnetic storms, and what impacts follow?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What is the current space weather forecast, according to agencies?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"impacts","name":"Impacts","description":"Technology impacts.","findings":[{"id":"impacts-finding","name":"Impacts","description":"Impacts.","questions":[{"text":"How do storms affect satellites, power grids and aviation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which alerts and mitigations exist?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Data and study.","layers":[{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Spacecraft data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"Which spacecraft measure magnetic clouds, and where are the data available?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are events catalogued?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"explain","name":"Explain","description":"Plain language.","findings":[{"id":"explain-finding","name":"Explain","description":"Plain explanation.","questions":[{"text":"How can magnetic clouds be explained simply and accurately?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which caveats apply?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report magnetic cloud observations and space weather alerts from official services.","Explain their identification criteria from published research."],"mustNot":["Contradict official space weather alerts.","Exaggerate risks of space weather to cause panic.","Confuse a magnetic cloud with atmospheric clouds."],"requiresHuman":["Issuing warnings to grid, satellite or aviation operators."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Space weather can damage satellites and power grids that society depends on.","Alarmist claims undermine trust in real warnings."],"affectedParties":["Satellite and grid operators","Aviation"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the phenomenon; space weather services monitor it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Space weather event catalogues"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q109645909","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q26713767","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"region of space","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"astronomical object in the Solar System","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"coronal mass ejection","type":"related","note":"source"},{"target":"atmosphere","type":"related","note":"geomagnetic effects"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.magnetic-cloud","Wikidata: Q6731527 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731527)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Magnetic field magnitude:  nT - A spacecraft magnetometer measures field magnitude for comparison with the surrounding solar wind.","Magnetic field direction:  degree - Vector magnetometer measurements track the smooth rotation of field direction in a specified coordinate system.","Proton temperature:  K - Particle instruments infer proton temperature from velocity distributions for comparison with temperatures expected at the measured solar wind speed.","Plasma beta:  dimensionless - Plasma beta is calculated as the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure using particle and magnetic field measurements."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Smooth field rotation and low temperature","Part of coronal mass ejections","Ordinary solar wind lacks the organised structure","Not visible; detected as signatures in spacecraft plasma and field data."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain what a magnetic cloud is","describe identification criteria","explain effects on Earth and space weather","find spacecraft data and forecasts"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Geomagnetic storms affecting power and satellites","Misidentifying clouds in data","Overstating forecasts"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Space weather scales and alerts from agencies"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Heliophysics and space weather forecasting.","magnetic clouds within coronal mass ejections","flux rope models","clouds by field orientation","multiple and interacting clouds"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q6731527: magnetic cloud","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731527","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Magnetic cloud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_cloud","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should coronal mass ejections be a separate entry?","How should spacecraft data be linked?","How should forecasts be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q6731527/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q6731527/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T20:31:50Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}