{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.sulfur","code":"thing-q682","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q682/","name":"sulfur","alternateNames":["allotrope of sulfur","sulfur-34","sulfur-26","sulfur-27","sulfur-28","sulfur-29","sulfur-30","sulfur-37","sulfur-38","sulfur-39","sulfur-40","sulfur-41"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16, a yellow, brittle, non-metallic solid at room temperature that forms many allotropes and occurs in nature as the element, in sulfide and sulfate minerals and in fossil fuels; sulfur is produced mainly by recovery from oil and gas, is used chiefly to make sulfuric acid, fertilisers, rubber and chemicals, and is essential to life in amino acids and proteins.","purpose":"Let an agent identify sulfur and its properties, relay production, uses, isotopes and biological roles from reference sources, relay safety and environmental information such as sulfur dioxide emissions, and distinguish it from its compounds.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Yellow non-metal","Many allotropes","Essential element","Sulfuric acid feedstock"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What sulfur is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties and allotropes.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties and allotropes of sulfur?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the element or a compound?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"Which isotopes exist, and how are they used in geochemistry?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Production and uses.","layers":[{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is sulfur produced, from Frasch mining to recovery from oil and gas, and who produces it, with sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","findings":[{"id":"uses-finding","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","questions":[{"text":"How is sulfur used in sulfuric acid, fertilisers, rubber and other products?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits sulfuric acid?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Environment and biology.","layers":[{"id":"emissions","name":"Emissions","description":"Emissions.","findings":[{"id":"emissions-finding","name":"Emissions","description":"Emissions.","questions":[{"text":"How do sulfur emissions cause acid rain and pollution, and how are they regulated?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits sulfur dioxide?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biological role.","findings":[{"id":"biology-finding","name":"Biology","description":"Biology.","questions":[{"text":"What role does sulfur play in proteins, metabolism and the sulfur cycle?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and safety.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was sulfur known and used from antiquity, and when was it recognised as an element?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of chemistry?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What hazards does sulfur present, and what handling rules apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about a personal exposure, which needs a clinician or poison centre?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report sulfur's properties, forms and uses, such as in fertilisers and sulfuric acid.","Monitor sulfur storage for heat, dust and fire in a facility that authorizes it."],"mustNot":["Store or handle sulfur near ignition sources or let dust accumulate.","Give guidance on using sulfur compounds to harm people.","Release sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide from a process outside permits.","Enter confined spaces where sulfur gases may build up."],"requiresHuman":["Responding to a sulfur fire or gas release."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Sulfur fires release toxic gases; sulfur emissions cause acid rain and lung harm.","Sulfur mining at volcanoes exposes workers to severe hazards."],"affectedParties":["Workers","Nearby residents","Ecosystems affected by acid deposition"]},"owners":{"steward":"The holder of the material; environmental and workplace safety regulators set limits.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q104567","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q19753345","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"polyatomic nonmetal","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"chalcogen","type":"related","note":"group 16"},{"target":"sulfuric acid","type":"related","note":"the main use"},{"target":"phosphorus","type":"related","note":"element 15"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.sulfur","Wikidata: Q682 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682)","symbol: S","CAS: 7704-34-9"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 16 Z","standard atomic weight: 32.06 u","melting point: 115.2 degrees C - alpha form","density: 2.07 g/cm3 - alpha form"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 16, symbol S","Yellow non-metal with many allotropes","Sulfur compounds such as sulfides and sulfates are separate entries","A bright yellow crystalline or powdery solid, odourless when pure, burning with a blue flame."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["relay properties, allotropes and isotopes","explain production and uses","relay safety and environmental information","distinguish element from compounds"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sulfur dioxide from combustion and acid rain","Dust fire and explosion","Hydrogen sulfide in production","Confusion with compounds"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Air quality rules on sulfur dioxide","Fuel sulfur limits for vehicles and shipping","Chemical safety data sheets","Fertiliser regulations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sulfuric acid, fertilisers, rubber and chemicals.","allotropes such as alpha and beta orthorhombic and monoclinic sulfur","isotopes from sulfur-26 to sulfur-49, with four stable isotopes","elemental and recovered sulfur","sulfur in biology and geochemistry"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q682: sulfur","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Sulfur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should allotropes and isotopes be separate entries?","How should reference data be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes and allotropes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q682/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q682/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T22:02:06Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}