{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.scandium","code":"thing-q713","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q713/","name":"scandium","alternateNames":["scandium-36","scandium-37","scandium-38","scandium-39","scandium-40","scandium-41","scandium-42","scandium-43","scandium-44","scandium-48","scandium-49","scandium-50"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21, a soft silvery transition metal classified with the rare earth elements, occurring in trace amounts in many minerals and recovered mainly as a by-product of uranium, titanium and aluminium processing, used in small amounts in aluminium-scandium alloys for aerospace and sports equipment, in solid oxide fuel cells and in high-intensity lamps; scandium has one stable isotope, scandium-45, and multiple radioactive isotopes, and its supply is small and expensive.","purpose":"Let an agent identify scandium and its properties, relay occurrence, production, uses and supply issues from reference sources, and distinguish it from other rare earths and from yttrium.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Light rare earth","Single stable isotope","By-product production","Small costly supply"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What scandium is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the physical and chemical properties of scandium?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about scandium or a neighbouring element?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"Which isotopes exist, and how are radioactive ones used?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"source","name":"Source","description":"Occurrence and production.","layers":[{"id":"occurrence","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","findings":[{"id":"occurrence-finding","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","questions":[{"text":"Where does scandium occur, and how is it recovered as a by-product?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits thortveitite?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"supply","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","findings":[{"id":"supply-finding","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","questions":[{"text":"Who produces scandium, and why is supply small and costly, with sources?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"alloys","name":"Alloys","description":"Alloys.","findings":[{"id":"alloys-finding","name":"Alloys","description":"Alloys.","questions":[{"text":"How does scandium strengthen aluminium alloys, and where are they used?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"other","name":"Other","description":"Fuel cells and lamps.","findings":[{"id":"other-finding","name":"Other","description":"Other.","questions":[{"text":"How is scandium used in solid oxide fuel cells and metal halide lamps?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits solid oxide fuel cell?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and outlook.","layers":[{"id":"discovery","name":"Discovery","description":"Discovery.","findings":[{"id":"discovery-finding","name":"Discovery","description":"Discovery.","questions":[{"text":"How was scandium predicted by Mendeleev and discovered by Nilson in 1879?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of the periodic table?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"outlook","name":"Outlook","description":"Supply outlook.","findings":[{"id":"outlook-finding","name":"Outlook","description":"Outlook.","questions":[{"text":"What new sources and projects are reported for scandium supply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain scandium's properties and its use in alloys and lighting.","Report production and price figures with their source and year."],"mustNot":["Misstate the origin of scandium recovered as a by-product to hide its supply chain.","Advise handling scandium powders without proper protection and ventilation.","Present speculative supply forecasts for a thinly traded metal as firm.","Dispose of processing residues from uranium or titanium streams against waste rules."],"requiresHuman":["Approving procurement from a source flagged for radiological or environmental concern."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Recovery streams can carry radioactive residues that affect workers and neighbours.","Thin markets make price and supply claims easy to manipulate."],"affectedParties":["Processing workers","Communities near processing plants","Buyers relying on supply forecasts"]},"owners":{"steward":"The holder of each stock; mining and processing rights are granted by the state.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q190444","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q428766","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"rare earth element","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"light metal","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"aluminium-scandium alloy","type":"related","note":"the main metal use"},{"target":"titanium","type":"related","note":"element 22"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.scandium","Wikidata: Q713 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713)","symbol: Sc","CAS: 7440-20-2"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 21 Z","standard atomic weight: 44.956 u","density: 2.985 g/cm3","melting point: 1541 degrees C"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 21, symbol Sc","Light rare earth metal of aluminium alloys","Yttrium is the heavier group member; titanium is the neighbouring element","A silvery white metal that develops a yellowish or pinkish cast in air."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["relay properties and isotopes","explain occurrence and production","relay uses and supply","distinguish from related elements"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Supply scarcity and price","Confusing with yttrium and lanthanides","Radioactive isotope handling in research"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Critical raw material listings","Chemical safety data sheets","Aerospace material specifications for alloys"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Alloys, fuel cells and lighting.","scandium metal","scandium compounds such as the oxide and fluoride","scandium-45 as the stable isotope and radioactive isotopes such as scandium-46","aluminium-scandium alloys","scandium in fuel cells and lamps"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q713: scandium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Scandium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should aluminium-scandium alloy be a separate entry?","How should supply data be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming short-lived isotopes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q713/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q713/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T01:10:31Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}