{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.titanium","code":"thing-q716","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q716/","name":"titanium","alternateNames":["titanium-44","Ti-5Al-2.5Sn","Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo","Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn","Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr","Commercially pure titanium","titanium-38","titanium-39","titanium-40","titanium-41","titanium-42","titanium-43"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22, a strong, light, corrosion-resistant transition metal occurring in ilmenite and rutile, used as commercially pure titanium and in alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo for aerospace, medical implants, chemical plant and sports equipment, while most titanium is consumed as titanium dioxide pigment; titanium has five stable isotopes and radioactive ones such as titanium-44 used in astrophysics.","purpose":"Let an agent identify titanium and its properties, relay alloys, production, uses and supply from reference sources, explain the Kroll process and pigment industry, and distinguish titanium from its alloys and its dioxide.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["High strength to weight","Corrosion resistance","Biocompatibility","Costly Kroll extraction"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What titanium is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the physical and chemical properties of titanium?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the metal, an alloy or titanium dioxide?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"alloys","name":"Alloys","description":"Alloys and grades.","findings":[{"id":"alloys-finding","name":"Alloys","description":"Alloys.","questions":[{"text":"What alloys and grades exist, and how do they differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific alloy?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"source","name":"Source","description":"Production and supply.","layers":[{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is titanium extracted through the Kroll process and processed into mill products?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the Kroll process?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"supply","name":"Supply","description":"Supply and policy.","findings":[{"id":"supply-finding","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","questions":[{"text":"Who produces titanium sponge and mill products, and what supply issues exist, with sources?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"engineering","name":"Engineering","description":"Aerospace and industry.","findings":[{"id":"engineering-finding","name":"Engineering","description":"Engineering.","questions":[{"text":"How is titanium used in aircraft, engines, chemical plant and consumer products?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"medical","name":"Medical","description":"Medical implants.","findings":[{"id":"medical-finding","name":"Medical","description":"Medical.","questions":[{"text":"Why is titanium used in implants, and what standards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own implant, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and pigment.","layers":[{"id":"discovery","name":"Discovery","description":"Discovery.","findings":[{"id":"discovery-finding","name":"Discovery","description":"Discovery.","questions":[{"text":"How was titanium discovered by Gregor and Klaproth and made usable by Kroll?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of metallurgy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"pigment","name":"Pigment","description":"Titanium dioxide.","findings":[{"id":"pigment-finding","name":"Pigment","description":"Pigment.","questions":[{"text":"How is titanium dioxide made and used, and what regulatory debates exist, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits titanium dioxide?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report titanium grades, properties and uses from material standards and references.","Track and verify material certificates for parts it is authorized to manage."],"mustNot":["Accept titanium stock or parts without traceable certification for safety-critical use.","Grind, machine or weld titanium without the fire and inert gas controls the work needs.","Substitute a grade or alloy in aerospace or medical parts without qualification.","Present recycled or unidentified scrap as a certified grade."],"requiresHuman":["Approving material substitution in aircraft, implants or pressure parts."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Uncertified titanium in aircraft and implants has killed people.","Titanium production is energy intensive and its ore mining disturbs coastal land."],"affectedParties":["Passengers and patients","Machinists and welders","Mining communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"The holder of the material; accredited mills and testing bodies certify it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Material certification and traceability records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q428766","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"light metal","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"transition metal","type":"related","note":"in the periodic table"},{"target":"Kroll process","type":"related","note":"from tetrachloride"},{"target":"titanium dioxide","type":"related","note":"in pigment, the largest use"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.titanium","Wikidata: Q716 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716)","symbol: Ti","CAS: 7440-32-6","UNS: R50400 grade 2 commercially pure"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 22 Z","standard atomic weight: 47.867 u","density: 4.51 g/cm3","melting point: 1668 degrees C"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 22, symbol Ti","Light strong metal of aerospace and implants","Titanium dioxide is the white pigment; scandium and vanadium are the neighbouring elements","A silvery grey metal with a lustrous finish."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["relay properties and isotopes","explain alloys and grades","explain production and supply","distinguish metal, alloys and dioxide"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fire hazard of titanium powder and fine chips","Supply concentration and sanctions","Confusing alloy designations","Titanium dioxide classification debates"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ASTM and ISO titanium material standards","Medical implant standards such as ASTM F136","Aerospace material specifications","Export controls on some titanium products"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Aerospace, implants, chemical plant, pigment and consumer goods.","commercially pure titanium grades 1 to 4","alpha, alpha-beta and beta alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn","high-temperature alloys such as Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo","titanium compounds, chiefly titanium dioxide","isotopes including the five stable ones and titanium-44"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q716: titanium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Titanium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Ti-6Al-4V and titanium dioxide be separate primary entries?","How should material standards be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming alloys and an isotope; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q716/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q716/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T00:18:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}