{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.colonialism","code":"thing-q7167","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7167/","name":"colonialism","alternateNames":["French Colonial Africa","green colonialism","Spanish colonialism","colonial policy","first wave of European colonization","neocolonialism","cultural colonialism","Colonialism and the Olympic Games","Russian colonization of North America","electronic colonialism","el museo de arte colonial","settler colonialism"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The practice by which a state establishes and maintains control over territories and peoples beyond its borders, settling or administering them and exploiting their resources and labour, as in the European overseas empires from the fifteenth to the twentieth century; colonialism has left lasting political, economic and cultural legacies, and its history, forms and consequences are studied and debated in history, political science and postcolonial studies.","purpose":"Let an agent describe colonialism as a historical and political phenomenon with attribution to historians and to the perspectives of colonised peoples, distinguish its forms and related concepts, relay historical facts with sources, and present debates about legacies, reparations and terminology with positions attributed.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["External control and administration","Settlement or exploitation","Ideologies of justification","Lasting legacies and contested memory"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"What colonialism is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and forms.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"How do historians define colonialism, and what forms does it take?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about colonialism, imperialism, decolonisation or neocolonialism?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"distinctions","name":"Distinctions","description":"Related concepts.","findings":[{"id":"distinctions-finding","name":"Distinctions","description":"Distinctions.","questions":[{"text":"How do settler colonialism, exploitation colonialism and later concepts differ, with definitions attributed?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific concept?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"periods","name":"Periods","description":"Periods and empires.","findings":[{"id":"periods-finding","name":"Periods","description":"Periods.","questions":[{"text":"How did colonialism develop from the fifteenth century through decolonisation, with sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific empire?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"experience","name":"Experience","description":"Experience of colonised peoples.","findings":[{"id":"experience-finding","name":"Experience","description":"Experience.","questions":[{"text":"How do the histories and voices of colonised peoples describe the experience, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are colonised perspectives included and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"legacy","name":"Legacy","description":"Legacies and debates.","layers":[{"id":"legacies","name":"Legacies","description":"Political, economic, cultural legacies.","findings":[{"id":"legacies-finding","name":"Legacies","description":"Legacies.","questions":[{"text":"What legacies do scholars identify in borders, economies, languages and institutions, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Reparations and memory.","findings":[{"id":"debates-finding","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","questions":[{"text":"What debates exist about reparations, restitution and memory, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits restitution of cultural property?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"study","name":"Study","description":"Scholarship and law.","layers":[{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"International law.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Law.","questions":[{"text":"How does international law address colonialism and self-determination?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits self-determination?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"scholarship","name":"Scholarship","description":"Fields of study.","findings":[{"id":"scholarship-finding","name":"Scholarship","description":"Scholarship.","questions":[{"text":"How do history, political science and postcolonial studies approach colonialism, and which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits postcolonial studies?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe colonialism, its forms and history with sources from several perspectives.","Include the perspectives of colonised peoples alongside those of colonial powers."],"mustNot":["Present one narrative of colonialism as the whole.","Glorify colonial rule or use euphemisms for its violence.","Deny well-documented atrocities.","Treat the experience of one colonised people as standing for all."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing material on reparations or contested historical claims."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Colonialism caused deaths, dispossession and lasting inequality.","Its legacies shape present lives, borders and identities."],"affectedParties":["Colonised peoples and their descendants","Indigenous peoples","Readers and students"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; it is shared history.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1190554","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q7260","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"imperialism","type":"related","note":"a form of imperial policy"},{"target":"decolonization","type":"related","note":"the process of independence"},{"target":"postcolonial studies","type":"related","note":"a critical field"},{"target":"settler colonialism","type":"related","note":"a major form"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.colonialism","Wikidata: Q7167 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Control of territories and peoples by an external state","Forms: settler, exploitation, plantation, trading post","Imperialism is the broader policy; neocolonialism refers to indirect influence after independence","Not a visible object; seen in historical records, borders, institutions and legacies."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain forms and periods","distinguish colonialism from imperialism, settler colonialism and neocolonialism","relay historical facts with sources","present debates with attribution"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting one narrative as the whole","Euphemism or glorification","Ignoring the perspectives of colonised peoples","Presenting contested legacies and reparations claims as settled"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["UN Charter and General Assembly Resolution 1514 on decolonisation","International law on self-determination","National laws on historical memory and restitution"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a historical and political phenomenon.","settler colonialism","exploitation and plantation colonialism","trading and protectorate arrangements","colonialism by period: early modern, high imperial, decolonisation","internal colonialism as a contested concept","neocolonialism and green colonialism as later concepts"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q7167: colonialism","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Colonialism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each colonial empire be a separate entry?","How should archives and sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases for specific empires and later concepts; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q7167/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q7167/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T20:49:57Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}