{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.circuit","code":"thing-q718570","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q718570/","name":"circuit","alternateNames":["fiscal district"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A circuit is an administrative territorial division in China, Korea or Japan, originally equivalent to a province, whose functions and position in the territorial hierarchy vary by country and historical period.","purpose":"Enable an agent to explain circuits as administrative territorial divisions, identify their country and period, and distinguish their documented boundaries, functions and relationships from other territorial units.","scope":{"in":["The names and administrative status of circuits in China, Korea and Japan are in scope.","Documented boundaries, seats and constituent units for a stated period are in scope.","The administrative functions and hierarchical relationships of circuits are in scope.","The establishment, alteration, replacement and abolition of circuits are in scope.","Translation and terminology differences relevant to identifying these divisions are in scope."],"out":["Electrical circuits and their components are outside this model.","Race tracks, travel routes and mathematical circuits are outside this model.","Judicial circuits outside the specified administrative-territorial sense are outside this model.","Other territorial divisions are outside this model except where needed to explain a circuit's relationships or development.","Modern territorial claims are outside this model except as attributed context for interpreting administrative records."],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A circuit denotes a territorial administrative division rather than an electrical network.","The term is used for divisions in China, Korea and Japan.","Circuits were originally equivalent to provinces, but their functions and rank vary by place and period.","The English term does not establish identical institutions across the three countries.","A circuit's historical identity must be distinguished from later units occupying similar territory."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"circuit-identity-and-topology","name":"Circuit identity and topology","description":"Defines which electrical network is being modelled and how its physical connections realise a circuit design.","layers":[{"id":"functional-boundary","name":"Functional boundary","description":"Locates the circuit within a larger electrical system and separates kind, design and implementation.","findings":[{"id":"declared-circuit-boundary","name":"Declared circuit boundary","description":"Record the intended electrical role, identity level and terminals through which the circuit interacts with its surroundings.","questions":[{"text":"What electrical function identifies this circuit, and does the record describe a kind, a design or a physical implementation?","id":"declared-circuit-boundary-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which supply, signal, load and reference terminals define its boundary, and which connected subsystems remain outside it?","id":"declared-circuit-boundary-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"connection-structure","name":"Connection structure","description":"Captures nodes, branches and state-dependent conductive paths.","findings":[{"id":"verified-connectivity","name":"Verified connectivity","description":"Distinguish intended topology from observed wiring, including switch-dependent connections and return paths.","questions":[{"text":"Which components and terminals share each node, and how do switch or control states change the available current paths?","id":"verified-connectivity-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which schematic revision, netlist or physical inspection supports the recorded connectivity and return paths?","id":"verified-connectivity-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"power-and-signal-interfaces","name":"Power and signal interfaces","description":"Describes how electrical energy and information enter, leave and reference the circuit.","layers":[{"id":"supply-and-return","name":"Supply and return","description":"Defines source requirements and the intended return and grounding arrangement.","findings":[{"id":"supply-compatibility","name":"Supply compatibility","description":"Record each supply domain's accepted electrical conditions and distinguish circuit return, chassis and protective earth where present.","questions":[{"text":"What voltage range, polarity, waveform, frequency and source-current capability does each supply input require?","id":"supply-compatibility-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which returns or grounds are connected, isolated or externally established, and where are those relationships documented?","id":"supply-compatibility-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"signal-and-load-ports","name":"Signal and load ports","description":"Defines the electrical conditions that connected sources, receivers and loads must satisfy.","findings":[{"id":"port-loading-and-levels","name":"Port loading and levels","description":"Record port-specific levels, impedances, timing and loading assumptions where applicable.","questions":[{"text":"What signal ranges, input and output impedances, bandwidths or timing limits apply at each relevant port?","id":"port-loading-and-levels-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which load types and connection sequences are permitted, and what evidence supports those limits?","id":"port-loading-and-levels-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"electrical-behaviour-and-state","name":"Electrical behaviour and state","description":"Relates circuit purpose to measurable behaviour during steady operation and transitions.","layers":[{"id":"functional-response","name":"Functional response","description":"Defines the expected relationship between electrical inputs and outputs.","findings":[{"id":"expected-response","name":"Expected response","description":"Express the circuit's intended response using suitable quantities, such as gain, regulation, switching behaviour or logical state.","questions":[{"text":"Which input-output relationship establishes successful operation for this circuit's declared role?","id":"expected-response-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Under what supply, load, frequency and temperature conditions were the expected response and tolerances established?","id":"expected-response-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"transitions-and-energy-storage","name":"Transitions and energy storage","description":"Covers startup, shutdown, switching and energy retained in reactive elements.","findings":[{"id":"state-dependent-response","name":"State-dependent response","description":"Record transient behaviour, mode transitions and residual energy separately from steady-state performance.","questions":[{"text":"What startup, shutdown, switching or protection transitions occur, and what transient voltages, currents or delays characterise them?","id":"state-dependent-response-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which elements may retain energy after supply removal, and what verified procedure establishes the condition required for access?","id":"state-dependent-response-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"limits-faults-and-protection","name":"Limits, faults and protection","description":"Captures electrical and thermal constraints, credible fault conditions and protective responses.","layers":[{"id":"operating-envelope","name":"Operating envelope","description":"Separates recommended operation, damaging stress and limits requiring application-specific evidence.","findings":[{"id":"electrical-and-thermal-limits","name":"Electrical and thermal limits","description":"Record limits with their source, duration and conditions rather than treating component ratings as proof of whole-circuit capability.","questions":[{"text":"What continuous and transient voltage, current, power and temperature limits constrain the assembled circuit?","id":"electrical-and-thermal-limits-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which design calculations, component specifications, tests or applicable standards establish those limits for the intended application?","id":"electrical-and-thermal-limits-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"fault-and-protection-response","name":"Fault and protection response","description":"Connects failure evidence to protective behaviour and recovery requirements.","findings":[{"id":"fault-containment","name":"Fault containment","description":"Record relevant open paths, shorts, leakage, overstress and component degradation alongside any detection or protective provisions.","questions":[{"text":"Which observable signatures distinguish an unintended open path, short, leakage path or degraded component from an intended inactive state?","id":"fault-containment-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"For each documented fault, what protection acts, what remains energised, and what conditions permit reset or re-energisation?","id":"fault-containment-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"verification-and-intervention","name":"Verification and intervention","description":"Defines how circuit condition can be established and how changes remain traceable to electrical behaviour.","layers":[{"id":"measurement-validity","name":"Measurement validity","description":"Makes test points, references and instrument effects explicit.","findings":[{"id":"interpretable-circuit-tests","name":"Interpretable circuit tests","description":"Associate each observation with circuit state, test location, reference and instrument characteristics.","questions":[{"text":"At which nodes or branches should voltage, current, continuity or waveform measurements be taken, and in what circuit state?","id":"interpretable-circuit-tests-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What probe loading, grounding, isolation, bandwidth and rating constraints must be satisfied for the proposed measurement?","id":"interpretable-circuit-tests-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"repair-and-change-control","name":"Repair and change control","description":"Relates repairs and substitutions to design assumptions and subsequent verification.","findings":[{"id":"electrically-valid-interventions","name":"Electrically valid interventions","description":"Record allowable interventions and the evidence required to confirm restored or revised circuit behaviour.","questions":[{"text":"Which component properties, connection details and layout-dependent effects must an intended replacement or modification preserve?","id":"electrically-valid-interventions-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which updated design records and post-intervention measurements establish the resulting configuration and its acceptable operation?","id":"electrically-valid-interventions-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of circuit this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain administrative circuits from attributed historical and official sources.","Compare circuit functions and territorial relationships with explicit country and period qualifications.","Describe documented changes in circuit names and boundaries."],"mustNot":["Substitute the electrical meaning of circuit for this administrative sense.","Present historical circuits or boundaries as current without supporting evidence.","Assume that similarly translated titles confer identical powers across countries or periods.","Present historical administrative boundaries as conclusive evidence of present sovereignty."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing boundary data for official administrative or legal use requires human review."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Accurate historical context helps prevent administrative terminology from misrepresenting communities and institutions.","Historical territorial divisions can be used misleadingly in present political disputes."],"affectedParties":["Residents of territories described in circuit records can be affected by misleading territorial claims.","Researchers and educators rely on accurate administrative history.","Public authorities and cultural heritage custodians rely on correctly contextualised records."]},"owners":{"steward":"Relevant public authorities and archival custodians steward administrative and historical records for the country and period concerned.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Official administrative records, historical gazetteers and archival map collections document circuits where available."]},"relations":[{"target":"Q56061","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.circuit","Wikidata: Q718570 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718570)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identity level: circuit kind | circuit design | physical implementation","Electrical role: power conversion | distribution | sensing | amplification | switching | computation | communication | other documented role","Connectivity: components and terminals connected through named nodes and branches","Supply envelope: V, A, Hz and W, with polarity, waveform, tolerances and applicable operating conditions","Port behaviour: V, A, Ω, Hz and s as applicable, with reference node, loading and measurement conditions","Operating state: de-energised | starting | operating | standby | protection-active | faulted | unknown; stored-energy condition recorded separately","Dissipation and temperature: W and °C at identified components or locations under stated load and ambient conditions","Isolation relationships: conductively connected | galvanically isolated | capacitively or inductively coupled | unknown, between named domains","Implementation evidence: physical implementation linked to design revision, schematic, netlist, inspection and test records"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Historical maps may label circuits as territorial divisions within China, Korea or Japan.","Map dates, legends and administrative labels are needed to interpret circuit boundaries.","A map's appearance alone cannot establish a division's administrative status or functions."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Trace intended supply, signal and return paths across the declared circuit boundary.","Assess source, load and instrument compatibility against documented interface limits.","Compare observed voltages, currents and waveforms with expected behaviour under matching conditions.","Identify candidate open circuits, unintended shorts, leakage paths and degraded connections from evidence.","Determine prerequisites for energising, isolating, testing or modifying the circuit.","Evaluate how a component substitution or topology change affects circuit function and documented limits."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing administrative circuits with electrical circuits produces unrelated and misleading guidance.","Treating circuits in different countries or periods as institutionally identical misrepresents their authority.","Presenting historical boundaries or offices as current can mislead users.","Treating a historical administrative map as proof of present sovereignty can misrepresent territorial claims."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams, International Electrotechnical Commission."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A circuit in this sense is encountered in historical accounts of territorial administration in China, Korea and Japan.","The term is used to interpret regional divisions associated with administration, oversight or geographic organization in particular periods.","Its powers, boundaries and position in the territorial hierarchy depend on the country and historical period."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q718570: circuit","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718570","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Circuit (administrative division)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_%28administrative_division%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.circuit specifically mean an electrical circuit, or does its registry provenance establish another physical meaning?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring this entry to link to it rather than form a separate model?","Where should the registry place boundaries between circuit, electrical network, integrated circuit, printed circuit board and complete electrical device?","Which application classes need specialised extensions for distributed, radio-frequency, high-voltage, digital or power-electronic behaviour?","Which authoritative sources and application-specific standards should establish terminology, operating limits and verification requirements during researched publication?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q718570/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q718570/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T08:42:10Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-08T18:54:40+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}