{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.electric-motor","code":"thing-q72313","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q72313/","name":"electric motor","alternateNames":["ultrasonic motor","Nissan EM","coreless motor","servomotor","commutator motor","Dahlander pole changing motor","series commutator motor","Arc-from drive","linear motor","screw drive motor from camera","electric bicycle engine","traction motor"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, usually through the interaction of magnetic fields and currents, while ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric vibration; types and designs include brushed commutator motors, brushless DC motors, induction motors, synchronous and permanent magnet motors, stepper motors, servomotors with feedback control, coreless motors and pole-changing designs such as the Dahlander motor; electric motors power industry, appliances, tools and vehicles such as the Nissan EM traction motors, and consume a large share of global electricity.","purpose":"Let an agent explain electric motors and their types, relay principles, efficiency and standards from engineering sources, describe applications from appliances to electric vehicles, and distinguish motors from generators and engines.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Most electric motors produce electromagnetic force or torque, while ultrasonic motors use piezoelectric vibration.","Electric motors have many topologies.","Electric motors can support variable speed control.","Electric motors can achieve high efficiency."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What an electric motor is.","layers":[{"id":"principle","name":"Principle","description":"Principle.","findings":[{"id":"principle-finding","name":"Principle","description":"Principle.","questions":[{"text":"How does an electric motor produce torque from magnetic fields and currents?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a motor, a generator or a combustion engine?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Types.","findings":[{"id":"types-finding","name":"Types","description":"Types.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main motor types, from brushed and induction to stepper, servo, coreless and ultrasonic motors?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific type?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"select","name":"Select","description":"Selection and control.","layers":[{"id":"selection","name":"Selection","description":"Selection.","findings":[{"id":"selection-finding","name":"Selection","description":"Selection.","questions":[{"text":"How are motors selected by torque, speed, duty and environment?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"control","name":"Control","description":"Control.","findings":[{"id":"control-finding","name":"Control","description":"Control.","questions":[{"text":"How are motors controlled with drives, inverters and feedback, including pole-changing designs?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits motor controller?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"efficiency","name":"Efficiency","description":"Efficiency and regulation.","layers":[{"id":"classes","name":"Classes","description":"Efficiency classes.","findings":[{"id":"classes-finding","name":"Classes","description":"Classes.","questions":[{"text":"What are the IE efficiency classes, and what regulations require them?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"impact","name":"Impact","description":"Energy impact.","findings":[{"id":"impact-finding","name":"Impact","description":"Impact.","questions":[{"text":"How much electricity do motors use, and how can efficiency be improved?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits energy efficiency?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Applications and history.","layers":[{"id":"applications","name":"Applications","description":"Applications.","findings":[{"id":"applications-finding","name":"Applications","description":"Applications.","questions":[{"text":"How are motors used in industry, appliances, robotics and electric vehicles?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits electric vehicle?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did motors develop from Faraday and Jacobi to Tesla induction motors and modern drives?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of the electric motor?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain motor types and help select one for a stated load and supply.","Monitor temperature, vibration and current on motors it is authorized to operate and report faults.","Start or stop motors within the controls and interlocks set by the operator."],"mustNot":["Bypass guards, interlocks, overload protection or emergency stops on a motor.","Start a motor while a person may be working on the machine it drives.","Direct someone to open or wire a mains or high-voltage motor without qualified supervision.","Keep running a motor that is overheating or showing insulation faults."],"requiresHuman":["Restarting a motor after a trip or lockout.","Changing motor protection settings."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Motors drive machines that crush, cut and entangle people.","Motors use a large share of the world's electricity, so efficiency has real environmental weight."],"affectedParties":["Machine operators","Maintenance workers","People near machinery"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner or operator of the machine it drives.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q44167","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q951504","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"electric machine","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"engine","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"electric generator","type":"related","note":"which reverses the conversion"},{"target":"variable-frequency drive","type":"related","note":"in many applications"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.electric-motor","Wikidata: Q72313 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313)","IEC: 60034 rotating electrical machines","HS: 8501 electric motors and generators"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["share of global electricity use: about 45 percent - IEA estimates","efficiency of large industrial motors: over 95 percent","first practical DC motor: 1830s period - Jacobi and Davenport"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electromechanical machine producing rotation or linear motion","Brushed, brushless, induction, synchronous, stepper, servo, coreless, ultrasonic motors","Generators convert motion to electricity; combustion engines burn fuel; actuators may use motors","A cylindrical housing with a rotating shaft, from tiny to room-sized."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain principles and types","relay efficiency and standards","describe applications","distinguish from generators"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Bearing and insulation failure","Overheating","Electrical shock hazards","Confusing motor types in selection"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IEC 60034 and efficiency classes IE1 to IE5","Minimum energy performance standards in the EU, US and elsewhere","Electrical safety standards","Vehicle motor standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Converting electrical energy to motion.","brushed DC and commutator motors","brushless DC and permanent magnet synchronous motors","induction motors including pole-changing Dahlander motors","stepper and servomotors","coreless and micro motors","ultrasonic and piezoelectric motors","linear motors","traction motors for vehicles such as Nissan EM series"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q72313: electric motor","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Electric motor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should induction motor and brushless DC motor be separate primary entries?","How should engineering standards be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific products; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q72313/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q72313/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T03:39:09Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}