{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.manganese","code":"thing-q731","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q731/","name":"manganese","alternateNames":["manganese-55","manganese-44","manganese-45","manganese-46","manganese-47","manganese-48","manganese-49","manganese-50","manganese-51","manganese-52","manganese-54","manganese-56"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25, a hard, brittle, silvery transition metal that is not found free in nature but is abundant in ores such as pyrolusite; manganese is essential to steelmaking as a deoxidiser and alloying element, is used in batteries, fertilisers and pigments, is an essential trace nutrient for organisms, and has one stable isotope, manganese-55.","purpose":"Let an agent identify manganese and its properties, relay production, uses, isotopes and biological roles from reference sources, relay safety and exposure information, and distinguish it from magnesium and similar metals.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Hard and brittle","Many oxidation states","Steel essential","Trace nutrient"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What manganese is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the physical and chemical properties of manganese, including its oxidation states?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about manganese or magnesium?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"Which isotopes exist, and which are used in research or dating?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific isotope?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Production and uses.","layers":[{"id":"production","name":"Production","description":"Mining and refining.","findings":[{"id":"production-finding","name":"Production","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is manganese mined and refined, and who produces it, with sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","findings":[{"id":"uses-finding","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","questions":[{"text":"How is manganese used in steel, batteries, chemicals and fertilisers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific use?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Biology and safety.","layers":[{"id":"nutrition","name":"Nutrition","description":"Nutrition.","findings":[{"id":"nutrition-finding","name":"Nutrition","description":"Nutrition.","questions":[{"text":"What role does manganese play as a nutrient, and what do dietary references say?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about personal supplementation, which needs a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"exposure","name":"Exposure","description":"Exposure and toxicity.","findings":[{"id":"exposure-finding","name":"Exposure","description":"Exposure.","questions":[{"text":"What are the effects of excess exposure, and what limits apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits occupational health?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and environment.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was manganese isolated in 1774, and how did its use in steel develop?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"nodules","name":"Nodules","description":"Sea-floor nodules.","findings":[{"id":"nodules-finding","name":"Nodules","description":"Nodules.","questions":[{"text":"What are manganese nodules, and what debates surround deep-sea mining, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe manganese, its ores, uses in steel and batteries, and its role as a nutrient.","Report exposure monitoring and dust measurements to the workplace that commissioned them.","Track the origin and certification of manganese supplies where records exist."],"mustNot":["Allow work that creates manganese fume or dust without the ventilation and protection the workplace requires.","Present manganese supplements as safe at any dose or as a cure.","Dispose of manganese-bearing waste or tailings into water or soil.","Hide mining impacts or labour abuses from supply chain reporting."],"requiresHuman":["Approving work with high manganese exposure, such as welding manganese steels or processing ore."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Chronic inhalation causes lasting nerve damage in welders and miners.","Mining for battery metals brings income and also land and water harm to local communities."],"affectedParties":["Welders, miners and smelter workers","Communities near mines","People taking supplements"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the element; mine operators, refiners and holders answer for the material under mining and safety law.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q21073024","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2512777","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"transition metal","type":"related","note":"group 7"},{"target":"simple substance","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"steel","type":"related","note":"as an alloying element"},{"target":"magnesium","type":"related","note":"by name"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.manganese","Wikidata: Q731 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q731)","symbol: Mn","CAS: 7439-96-5"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 25 Z","standard atomic weight: 54.938 u","melting point: 1246 degrees C","density: 7.21 g/cm3"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 25, symbol Mn","Transition metal essential to steel","Magnesium is a different, lighter metal with a similar name","A hard, brittle, silvery-grey metal that tarnishes in air."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["relay properties and isotopes","explain production and uses","relay health and safety information","distinguish from similar elements"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Manganism from chronic inhalation exposure","Dust flammability","Environmental impact of mining","Confusion with magnesium"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Occupational exposure limits for manganese dust and fumes","Drinking water guidelines","Deep-sea mining regulation for nodules","Chemical safety data sheets"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Steel alloying, batteries, chemicals and nutrition.","manganese metal and ferromanganese","manganese compounds such as dioxide, sulfate and permanganate","isotopes from manganese-44 to manganese-73, with Mn-55 stable","manganese in batteries and pigments","manganese nodules on the sea floor"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q731: manganese","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q731","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Manganese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should isotopes and manganese nodules be separate entries?","How should exposure limits be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q731/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q731/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T22:52:19Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:01+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}