{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.rhenium","code":"thing-q737","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q737/","name":"rhenium","alternateNames":["rhenium-182","rhenium-160","rhenium-161","rhenium-161m","rhenium-162","rhenium-162m","rhenium-163","rhenium-163m","rhenium-164","rhenium-164m","rhenium-165","rhenium-165m"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The chemical element with atomic number seventy-five, a dense, silvery-grey heavy metal with one of the highest melting points of all elements, among the rarest elements in the Earth crust and obtained mainly as a by-product of molybdenum and copper refining, with isotopes including the long-lived rhenium-187 used in dating and many short-lived isotopes; rhenium is used in superalloys for jet engine turbine blades and in platinum-rhenium catalysts for petroleum refining.","purpose":"Let an agent explain rhenium as an element and its properties and isotopes, describe its sources and uses in superalloys and catalysts, describe its market and supply issues, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Very high melting point","Rarity","Superalloy use","Catalyst use"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What rhenium is.","layers":[{"id":"element","name":"Element","description":"The element.","findings":[{"id":"element-finding","name":"Element","description":"Element.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties, occurrence and chemistry of rhenium?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the periodic table?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"What isotopes of rhenium exist, and how is rhenium-187 used in geochronology?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits radiometric dating?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses and supply.","layers":[{"id":"uses","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","findings":[{"id":"uses-finding","name":"Uses","description":"Uses.","questions":[{"text":"How is rhenium used in superalloys and catalysts, and why is it valued?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits superalloys?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"supply","name":"Supply","description":"Supply and market.","findings":[{"id":"supply-finding","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","questions":[{"text":"Where is rhenium produced, and what supply and recycling issues exist, according to public sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"Research.","layers":[{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Research uses.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"How are rhenium isotopes studied for medical and research applications, with findings attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own treatment, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"compounds","name":"Compounds","description":"Compounds.","findings":[{"id":"compounds-finding","name":"Compounds","description":"Compounds.","questions":[{"text":"What notable rhenium compounds and oxidation states exist?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific compound?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was rhenium discovered and named?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can rhenium illustrate refractory metals and rarity?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe rhenium's properties, sources and uses, such as in superalloys and catalysts.","Track rhenium stock and supply for an organisation authorized to hold it."],"mustNot":["Misstate rhenium's purity or origin in trade records.","Handle rhenium powder or compounds without the protective measures their safety data require.","Help evade export controls on materials used in jet engines and military equipment.","Invent price or reserve figures."],"requiresHuman":["Disposing of rhenium-containing waste or catalysts."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rhenium is extremely rare; its supply is concentrated and strategically sensitive.","Mining and refining by-product metals affects workers and local environments."],"affectedParties":["Mining and refinery workers","Industries relying on supply","Communities near refineries"]},"owners":{"steward":"The holder of each stock; nobody owns the element itself.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q105789","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"heavy metal","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"chemical element","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"aviation","type":"related","note":"jet engines using rhenium superalloys"},{"target":"chronology","type":"related","note":"rhenium-osmium dating"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.rhenium","Wikidata: Q737 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mass density: Approximately 21.0 g/cm3 - This value applies to solid pure rhenium near room temperature.","Melting temperature: Approximately 3459 K - This value applies to pure rhenium at approximately atmospheric pressure."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Atomic number seventy-five","High melting point, rare","Tungsten and osmium are neighbouring refractory metals; manganese and technetium are lighter group members","A silvery-grey dense metal."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the element","describe sources and uses","describe supply issues","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Supply disruption for aerospace","Confusing rhenium with rhodium or ruthenium","Overstated toxicity or safety claims"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Chemical nomenclature","Critical raw material assessments","Occupational exposure limits"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element seventy-five, a rare refractory metal.","rhenium metal and superalloys","rhenium catalysts","rhenium compounds","rhenium isotopes including rhenium-187","rhenium in medical research isotopes"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q737: rhenium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Rhenium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should superalloys be a separate entry?","How should market data be linked?","How should isotope data be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q737/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q737/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T05:15:26Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}