{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.cobalt","code":"thing-q740","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q740/","name":"cobalt","alternateNames":["cobalt in biology","cobalt-47","cobalt-48","cobalt-49","cobalt-50","cobalt-51","cobalt-52","cobalt-53","cobalt-54","cobalt-55","cobalt-56","cobalt-57"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The chemical element with atomic number twenty-seven, a hard, lustrous, silver-grey metal found in ores often alongside copper and nickel, with one stable isotope, cobalt-59, and radioactive isotopes such as cobalt-60 used in radiotherapy and sterilisation, essential to life as the centre of vitamin B12, and used in superalloys, magnets, blue pigments and especially lithium-ion battery cathodes; cobalt is a skin allergen, its mining raises human rights and environmental concerns, and it is designated a critical raw material.","purpose":"Let an agent explain cobalt as an element and its properties and isotopes, describe its uses in batteries, alloys and medicine, relay health and safety information, and present supply chain and mining issues neutrally with attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Battery demand","Biological role","Allergen","Supply concentration"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What cobalt is.","layers":[{"id":"element","name":"Element","description":"The element.","findings":[{"id":"element-finding","name":"Element","description":"Element.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties, occurrence and chemistry of cobalt?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the periodic table?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"isotopes","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes and biology.","findings":[{"id":"isotopes-finding","name":"Isotopes","description":"Isotopes.","questions":[{"text":"What isotopes of cobalt exist, how is cobalt-60 used, and what is the role of cobalt in vitamin B12?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits vitamin B12?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"batteries","name":"Batteries","description":"Batteries and alloys.","findings":[{"id":"batteries-finding","name":"Batteries","description":"Batteries.","questions":[{"text":"How is cobalt used in lithium-ion batteries and superalloys, and how is demand changing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"other","name":"Other","description":"Pigments and medicine.","findings":[{"id":"other-finding","name":"Other","description":"Other.","questions":[{"text":"How is cobalt used in pigments, catalysts and medical applications?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own treatment, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"issues","name":"Issues","description":"Health and supply.","layers":[{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Health and safety.","findings":[{"id":"health-finding","name":"Health","description":"Health.","questions":[{"text":"What do health authorities say about cobalt allergy and occupational exposure?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is an exposure concern present that needs a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"supply","name":"Supply","description":"Mining and supply chains.","findings":[{"id":"supply-finding","name":"Supply","description":"Supply.","questions":[{"text":"Where is cobalt mined, and what human rights, environmental and supply concerns are reported, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was cobalt discovered, and how did its name and pigment history develop?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can cobalt illustrate critical materials and battery chemistry?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain cobalt's properties, isotopes and uses in alloys, magnets, pigments and batteries.","Describe its role as the centre of vitamin B12.","Report on cobalt supply chains citing sources and dates."],"mustNot":["Give guidance on handling or obtaining radioactive cobalt sources outside licensed use.","Present cobalt as ethically mined without evidence about the specific supply chain.","Recommend cobalt supplements or exposures as health treatments.","Advise disposal of cobalt-containing batteries or sealed sources in ordinary waste."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision about recovering, moving or disposing of a lost or orphaned radioactive source.","Sourcing decisions that depend on judging mining conditions in a specific region."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Cobalt mining has been linked to child labour and dangerous artisanal work.","Lost radiotherapy sources of cobalt-60 have caused deaths among people who found them."],"affectedParties":["Miners and their communities","People exposed to lost radioactive sources","Battery users"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the element; mine operators, refiners and licensed holders of radioactive sources answer for their material.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National registers of sealed radioactive sources"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q105789","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q186752","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2512777","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"heavy metal","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"allergen","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"vitamin","type":"related","note":"cobalt in vitamin B12"},{"target":"cadmium","type":"related","note":"another battery-related metal"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.cobalt","Wikidata: Q740 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mass density: Approximately 8.9 g/cm3 - This value applies to solid pure cobalt near room temperature.","Melting temperature: Approximately 1768 K - This value applies to pure cobalt at approximately atmospheric pressure."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Atomic number twenty-seven","Battery cathodes, superalloys, blue pigments, vitamin B12","Nickel and iron are neighbouring metals; cobalt blue is a pigment","A hard silver-grey metal."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the element","describe uses","relay health information","present supply issues neutrally"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Contact allergy and lung effects from exposure","Human rights abuses in artisanal mining, as reported by rights organisations","Supply disruption"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Critical raw material designations","Occupational exposure limits","Supply chain due diligence rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element twenty-seven, a critical battery metal.","cobalt metal and alloys","cobalt in batteries","cobalt compounds and pigments","cobalt isotopes including cobalt-60","cobalt in biology"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q740: cobalt","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Cobalt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should cobalt mining be a separate entry?","How should due diligence standards be linked?","How should health data be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q740/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q740/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T06:07:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}