{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.deoxyribonucleic-acid","code":"thing-q7430","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7430/","name":"deoxyribonucleic acid","alternateNames":["Deoxyribozyme","PTracer","cccDNA","relic DNA","B-DNA","single-stranded DNA","eggshell DNA","constitutional DNA","Z-DNA","expressed sequence tag","Sedimentary Ancient DNA","cffDNA"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Deoxyribonucleic acid is the biopolymer that carries the genetic instructions of living organisms and many viruses, usually composed of two nucleotide strands wound into a double helix, although some viral genomes contain single-stranded DNA; it encodes information in the sequence of adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, is replicated, transcribed and repaired in cells, and is studied and used in genetics, medicine, forensics and biotechnology.","purpose":"Let an agent explain DNA structure and function, describe how DNA is used in medicine, forensics and ancestry with ethical care, and support learning and research at a general level.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["DNA usually forms a double helix, although some viral genomes contain single-stranded DNA.","DNA carries genetic information.","DNA is replicated and repaired.","DNA is widely analysed."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"science","name":"Science","description":"What DNA is.","layers":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Double helix.","findings":[{"id":"structure-finding","name":"Structure","description":"Structure.","questions":[{"text":"How is DNA structured, and how does base pairing store information?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What forms such as B-DNA and single-stranded DNA exist?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"function","name":"Function","description":"Replication and expression.","findings":[{"id":"function-finding","name":"Function","description":"Function.","questions":[{"text":"How is DNA replicated, transcribed and repaired in cells?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How do mutations arise?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"testing","name":"Testing","description":"DNA tests.","layers":[{"id":"medical","name":"Medical","description":"Clinical genetic testing.","findings":[{"id":"medical-finding","name":"Medical","description":"Clinical testing.","questions":[{"text":"What can clinical DNA tests show, and what are their limits, according to genetic counselling sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user seeking interpretation of their own results, which needs a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"ancestry","name":"Ancestry","description":"Ancestry and consumer tests.","findings":[{"id":"ancestry-finding","name":"Ancestry","description":"Ancestry tests.","questions":[{"text":"How do consumer ancestry tests work, and what are their limitations and privacy implications?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How is data shared?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"society","name":"Society","description":"Forensics and privacy.","layers":[{"id":"forensics","name":"Forensics","description":"Forensic DNA.","findings":[{"id":"forensics-finding","name":"Forensics","description":"Forensics.","questions":[{"text":"How is DNA used in forensics, and what safeguards and error rates are documented?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which rules govern DNA databases?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"privacy","name":"Privacy","description":"Genetic privacy.","findings":[{"id":"privacy-finding","name":"Privacy","description":"Privacy.","questions":[{"text":"Which rights protect genetic data, and how can discrimination be avoided?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How should genetic information be discussed without determinism?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Research and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"DNA technologies.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Technologies.","questions":[{"text":"What are sequencing, PCR, DNA editing and DNA data storage, in general terms?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which ethical debates surround them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching DNA.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can DNA be taught with models and simple extraction experiments?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain DNA structure and function.","Help interpret genetic information only within an authorized research or clinical context."],"mustNot":["Collect, sequence or analyse a person's DNA without their consent or a lawful order.","Infer relatives, ancestry or disease risk for a named person without consent.","Present genetic risk as destiny or as a basis for discrimination.","Assist in creating harmful organisms."],"requiresHuman":["Disclosing genetic results to a person or their relatives.","Use of DNA in legal identification."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["DNA reveals information about a person and their relatives who never consented.","Genetic data has been used to discriminate and to justify racism."],"affectedParties":["People tested","Their relatives","Groups subject to genetic stereotypes"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person from whom it comes; biobanks and laboratories hold samples under consent.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Biobank and genetic sequence databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q123619","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q422649","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q66560214","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"nucleic acid","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"biopolymer","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"gene","type":"related","note":"units of information"},{"target":"RNA","type":"related","note":"related nucleic acid"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.deoxyribonucleic-acid","Wikidata: Q7430 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Double helix diameter: Approximately 2 nm - This approximate diameter applies to the common B form of double stranded DNA.","Axial rise per base pair: Approximately 0.34 nm - This approximate spacing applies to adjacent base pairs in the common B form of DNA.","Molecular length:  base pairs - Double stranded DNA length is determined from sequence data or estimated by comparison with calibrated fragment size markers.","Melting temperature:  degrees Celsius - Strand separation is monitored during controlled heating because melting temperature depends on sequence, length and solution conditions."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["DNA is a nucleic acid containing thymine and is usually depicted as a double helix, although single-stranded viral DNA also exists.","DNA carries genes.","RNA generally contains uracil instead of thymine and is usually single-stranded.","Not visible to the eye; a double helix at the molecular scale, extractable as white strands."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain DNA structure, replication and expression","explain DNA testing and its limits","describe forensic and ancestry uses","address ethics and privacy"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Privacy breaches of genetic data","Misinterpretation of test results","Genetic determinism and discrimination"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Genetic data protection laws","Forensic DNA database regulation","Clinical genetic testing standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Storing and transmitting genetic information.","nuclear and mitochondrial DNA","single-stranded and double-stranded forms","B-DNA and other conformations","circular DNA such as plasmids and cccDNA","environmental and relic DNA"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q7430: deoxyribonucleic acid","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should DNA testing be a separate entry?","How should data protection rules be linked?","How should educational resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q7430/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q7430/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T21:12:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:34+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}