{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.pyrrolizidine-alkaloid","code":"thing-q75005794","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q75005794/","name":"pyrrolizidine alkaloid","alternateNames":["legonmycin A","N-methyl-2-[2-[2-[1-methyl-4-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-1-yl]ethenyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanamine","(5E)-5-[(1S,4S,5R,6S,8S,9S,13R)-9-butyl-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one","(2R)-2-[(1S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,9S,13R)-9-butyl-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-yl]-3-methoxy-4-methyl-2H-furan-5-one","(2R)-2-[(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,8S,9S,13R)-9-butyl-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-yl]-3-methoxy-4-methyl-2H-furan-5-one","5-[(1R,3Z,4S,5R,6R,9S,12S,13S)-9-butyl-12-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.0¹,⁵.0⁶,¹⁰.0⁹,¹³]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one","5-[(1S,3Z,4S,5S,8S,9R)-9-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl]-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.0¹,⁵.0⁶,¹⁰.0⁹,¹³]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one","(Z)-Stemoburkilline","(5E)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1S,2S,6R,7R,8R,9S)-2-butyl-7-hydroxy-11-oxa-3-azatetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.03,9]undecan-8-yl]propylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one","5-[2-(2-Butyl-7-hydroxy-11-oxa-3-azatetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.03,9]undecan-8-yl)propylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one","(2S)-2-[(1S,3S,4S,5R,6S,8S,9S,13R)-9-[(2S)-2-hydroxybutyl]-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-yl]-3-methoxy-4-methyl-2H-furan-5-one","1',2'-Didehydrostemofoline N-oxide"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A large class of alkaloids based on the pyrrolizidine ring system, produced by thousands of plant species in families such as Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae as a defence against herbivores, and also by some bacteria as in the legonmycins; many pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic after metabolic activation, contaminating herbal products, honey, teas and food, and causing veno-occlusive liver disease in people and livestock, so their levels in food are regulated.","purpose":"Let an agent explain pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their occurrence, relay toxicity and food safety limits from regulatory and scientific sources, describe analysis, and route poisoning concerns to medical and veterinary services.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Pyrrolizidine ring","Metabolic activation to toxins","Food contamination","Plant defence"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"help","name":"Help","description":"Poisoning first.","layers":[{"id":"exposure","name":"Exposure","description":"Suspected exposure.","findings":[{"id":"exposure-finding","name":"Exposure","description":"Exposure.","questions":[{"text":"What should someone do after suspected exposure to a PA-containing plant or product?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is the user describing a poisoning, which needs poison control or veterinary services now?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"symptoms","name":"Symptoms","description":"Effects.","findings":[{"id":"symptoms-finding","name":"Symptoms","description":"Symptoms.","questions":[{"text":"What are the effects of PA toxicity in people and animals, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"The compounds.","layers":[{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Structure and kinds.","findings":[{"id":"chemistry-finding","name":"Chemistry","description":"Chemistry.","questions":[{"text":"What defines pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and which structural features make some toxic?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about pyrrolizidine alkaloids or another alkaloid class?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"occurrence","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","findings":[{"id":"occurrence-finding","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","questions":[{"text":"Which plants and bacteria produce them, and how do they enter honey, tea and herbs?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific plant?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"regulate","name":"Regulate","description":"Regulation and analysis.","layers":[{"id":"limits","name":"Limits","description":"Limits.","findings":[{"id":"limits-finding","name":"Limits","description":"Limits.","questions":[{"text":"What maximum levels apply in foods and herbal products, with sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"analysis","name":"Analysis","description":"Analysis.","findings":[{"id":"analysis-finding","name":"Analysis","description":"Analysis.","questions":[{"text":"How are PAs measured in foods by LC-MS methods, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits food contaminant analysis?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Ecology and history.","layers":[{"id":"ecology","name":"Ecology","description":"Ecology.","findings":[{"id":"ecology-finding","name":"Ecology","description":"Ecology.","questions":[{"text":"How do insects such as cinnabar moths sequester PAs for their own defence?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits chemical ecology?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were PA poisonings recognised, from bread contamination outbreaks to comfrey restrictions?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of toxicology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain what pyrrolizidine alkaloids are and why food authorities set limits on them in foods such as teas and honey.","Report measured levels in food or feed against the limits set by the competent authority.","Warn users that some traditional herbal preparations may contain them.","Advise a person who may have been exposed to seek medical assessment without requiring prior human approval."],"mustNot":["Recommend consuming plants or preparations known to contain these alkaloids.","Advise on preparing or using any plant extract to poison people or animals.","Present a herbal product as safe without testing or regulatory clearance.","Dismiss liver symptoms after herbal use as unrelated instead of routing the person to care."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision about recalling or clearing a food, feed or herbal product.","Clinical assessment, diagnosis and treatment decisions for a person who may have been exposed."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["These compounds cause serious liver damage, and exposure often comes through foods people trust.","Herbal traditions deserve respect while their documented risks are stated honestly."],"affectedParties":["Consumers of herbal teas and honey","Infants and pregnant women","Livestock grazing contaminated pasture"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns them; food safety authorities set limits and producers answer for their products.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q70702","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"alkaloid","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Boraginaceae","type":"related","note":"and other plant families"},{"target":"hepatic veno-occlusive disease","type":"related","note":"in poisoning"},{"target":"food contaminant","type":"related","note":"in many jurisdictions"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.pyrrolizidine-alkaloid","Wikidata: Q75005794 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75005794)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["known compounds: over 660 count - plus N-oxides","EU maximum in tea: 150 micrograms per kg - Regulation 2023/915, sum of PAs","producing plant species: about 6000 count - estimate"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Alkaloids with a pyrrolizidine core","Plant defence compounds; hepatotoxic unsaturated types; bacterial legonmycins","Pyrrolidine and indolizidine alkaloids have different ring systems","Not a visible object; compounds within plants such as ragwort, comfrey and borage."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain structure and occurrence","relay toxicity and limits","describe analysis","route poisoning concerns"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Liver damage from contaminated herbal products or food","Livestock poisoning from ragwort and heliotrope","Agents giving personal medical advice","Confusing with other alkaloid classes"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EU Regulation 2023/915 maximum levels in foods","EFSA and national food safety opinions","Herbal medicine regulations limiting PA content","Feed and livestock safety rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a class of natural compounds.","unsaturated hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids such as senecionine and retrorsine","saturated non-hepatotoxic types","N-oxides","bacterial pyrrolizidines such as legonmycin A","pyrrolizidine alkaloids in ragwort, comfrey, heliotrope and borage"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q75005794: pyrrolizidine alkaloid","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75005794","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Pyrrolizidine alkaloid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrolizidine_alkaloid","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should individual alkaloids be separate entries?","How should regulatory limits be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases with long systematic names; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q75005794/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q75005794/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:31:45Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}