{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.osmium","code":"thing-q751","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q751/","name":"osmium","alternateNames":["osmium-162","osmium-163","osmium-164","osmium-165","osmium-166","osmium-167","osmium-168","osmium-169","osmium-170","osmium-171","osmium-172","osmium-173"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A hard, brittle, bluish-white metal, chemical element 76, of the platinum group and the densest naturally occurring element; obtained as a by-product of nickel and platinum refining, it is used in hard alloys for pen nibs, electrical contacts and instrument pivots, and as osmium tetroxide in microscopy and organic synthesis, a compound that is highly toxic.","purpose":"Let an agent explain osmium as an element, relay its properties, uses and hazards from reference sources, and separate the metal from osmium tetroxide and other platinum group metals.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Densest natural element","Platinum group metal","Forms volatile toxic tetroxide","Very rare"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"element","name":"Element","description":"What osmium is.","layers":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the properties and isotopes of osmium, and why is it the densest element?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the metal or about osmium tetroxide?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"occurrence","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence and production.","findings":[{"id":"occurrence-finding","name":"Occurrence","description":"Occurrence.","questions":[{"text":"Where does osmium occur, and how is it produced?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits platinum group metals?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"alloys","name":"Alloys","description":"Alloys.","findings":[{"id":"alloys-finding","name":"Alloys","description":"Alloys.","questions":[{"text":"How is osmium used in hard alloys and contacts?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific alloy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"tetroxide","name":"Tetroxide","description":"Osmium tetroxide uses.","findings":[{"id":"tetroxide-finding","name":"Tetroxide","description":"Tetroxide.","questions":[{"text":"How is osmium tetroxide used in microscopy and synthesis, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Hazards.","layers":[{"id":"hazards","name":"Hazards","description":"Toxicity.","findings":[{"id":"hazards-finding","name":"Hazards","description":"Hazards.","questions":[{"text":"What hazards does osmium tetroxide pose, and what handling rules apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the question about a specific laboratory, which needs its safety officer?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"exposure","name":"Exposure","description":"Exposure response.","findings":[{"id":"exposure-finding","name":"Exposure","description":"Exposure.","questions":[{"text":"What do authorities advise after exposure?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user reporting an exposure, which needs emergency services?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and research.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Discovery.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was osmium discovered and named?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the discoverer?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Research.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"What research involves osmium, such as isotope geochemistry?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits isotope geochemistry?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain osmium's properties and uses, including its record density, with sources.","Relay the hazards of osmium tetroxide from safety data sheets.","Clarify the comparison of osmium and iridium densities as reported in references."],"mustNot":["Give guidance on handling or obtaining osmium tetroxide outside a properly equipped laboratory.","Assist in using osmium compounds to harm people.","Present osmium as an investment-grade metal or give investment advice about it.","Advise grinding or heating osmium powder where it can oxidise to toxic tetroxide."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision to store, use or dispose of osmium tetroxide."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Osmium tetroxide can blind and injure people, so its handling must stay in trained hands.","Rare metal markets attract fraud that misleading descriptions can feed."],"affectedParties":["Laboratory staff","Bystanders","Buyers of rare metals"]},"owners":{"steward":"The licensed holder of the material; chemical safety authorities regulate its use.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q105789","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q223995","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"platinum group metal","type":"related","note":"the group"},{"target":"iridium","type":"related","note":"the neighbouring element"},{"target":"osmium tetroxide","type":"related","note":"the notable compound"},{"target":"platinum refining","type":"related","note":"as a by-product"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.osmium","Wikidata: Q751 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751)","chemical symbol: Os","CAS number: 7440-04-2"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["atomic number: 76","density: about 22.6 g per cubic centimetre - densest natural element","melting point: about 3033 degrees C"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Element 76, platinum group","Densest natural element","Iridium is similarly dense; osmium tetroxide is a volatile toxic compound","Bluish-white lustrous, very dense and hard metal, usually seen as powder or small pieces."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain properties and isotopes","explain uses and production","relay hazards, especially of osmium tetroxide","distinguish from other platinum group metals"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Osmium tetroxide toxicity to eyes and lungs","Powder oxidising to tetroxide in air","Confusion with iridium in density claims"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["GHS classification and labelling for osmium tetroxide","Laboratory safety rules for volatile toxic compounds","Occupational exposure limits"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hard alloys and, as the tetroxide, staining and synthesis.","osmium metal and alloys","osmium tetroxide","osmium isotopes","osmiridium natural alloy"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q751: osmium","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Osmium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should osmium tetroxide be a separate entry?","How should safety data be linked?","The registry entry has merged isotope aliases; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q751/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q751/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T21:10:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}