{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.panthera-hybrid","code":"thing-q759721","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q759721/","name":"Panthera hybrid","alternateNames":["lipard","liguar","tiguar","jagulep","Lion-tiger hybrids","Asiatic-African lion","tigard","jaglion"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A hybrid offspring of two species of the big cat genus Panthera, produced almost entirely in captivity, including ligers from a male lion and female tiger, which can grow larger than either parent, tigons from a male tiger and female lion, leopons, jaglions, and less documented crosses the registry aliases name such as lipards, liguars, tiguars and jagulepards, some of whose existence is poorly verified; the alias Asiatic-African lion names a cross between lion subspecies, not a species hybrid. Major zoo associations and conservation organisations oppose deliberate breeding of big cat hybrids because they have no conservation value and can suffer health problems, and debates are attributed.","purpose":"Let an agent explain Panthera hybrids, relay known crosses, biology, fertility, health and welfare debates from zoology and conservation sources with positions attributed, describe the named hybrids and flag poorly verified and subspecies aliases, and distinguish Panthera hybrids from subspecies crosses, other felid hybrids such as savannah cats and fictional creatures.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Captive origin","Mixed parental traits","Reduced fertility","Welfare controversy"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a Panthera hybrid is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a Panthera hybrid, and how does it differ from subspecies crosses, other felid hybrids and fictional cats?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Has a big cat escaped or is someone in danger from one, in which case keep away and call emergency services?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"hybrids","name":"Hybrids","description":"Named hybrids.","findings":[{"id":"hybrids-finding","name":"Hybrids","description":"Hybrids.","questions":[{"text":"What are ligers, lipards, liguars, tiguars and jagulepards, which are documented, and why is an Asiatic-African lion different?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific hybrid?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biology.","layers":[{"id":"growth","name":"Growth","description":"Growth effects.","findings":[{"id":"growth-finding","name":"Growth","description":"Growth.","questions":[{"text":"Why do ligers grow larger, as genomic imprinting hypotheses suggest?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"fertility","name":"Fertility","description":"Fertility.","findings":[{"id":"fertility-finding","name":"Fertility","description":"Fertility.","questions":[{"text":"Why are male hybrids usually sterile?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"welfare","name":"Welfare","description":"Welfare and law.","layers":[{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Zoo policies.","findings":[{"id":"policy-finding","name":"Policy","description":"Policy.","questions":[{"text":"Why do accredited zoos oppose hybrid breeding, and what do private owners argue, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Big cat laws.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Law.","questions":[{"text":"How do laws such as the Big Cat Public Safety Act regulate ownership and breeding?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Big Cat Public Safety Act?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Historical hybrids.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"When were ligers and leopons first bred and recorded?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits leopon?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"conservation","name":"Conservation","description":"Conservation value.","findings":[{"id":"conservation-finding","name":"Conservation","description":"Conservation.","questions":[{"text":"Why do hybrids not contribute to conserving endangered big cats?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits species survival plan?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain what Panthera hybrids are and why they occur almost only in captivity.","Flag which hybrids are well documented and which are poorly verified."],"mustNot":["Promote breeding of big cat hybrids for display or profit.","Encourage public contact with hybrid big cats.","Present poorly verified hybrids as established.","Help trade in hybrid big cats outside the law."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision about the care, transfer or euthanasia of a hybrid animal."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hybrid breeding serves no conservation purpose and often causes health problems for the animals.","Big cats in private hands put keepers and the public at risk."],"affectedParties":["The hybrid animals","Keepers and visitors","Wild big cat conservation"]},"owners":{"steward":"The keeper of the animal, under licence where the law requires it; wildlife authorities regulate keeping.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Dangerous wild animal licence records","Zoo animal records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q845320","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"felid hybrid","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"liger","type":"related"},{"target":"tigon","type":"related"},{"target":"Asiatic lion","type":"related","note":"subspecies cross alias"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.panthera-hybrid","Wikidata: Q759721 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759721)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["liger size: can exceed 300 kg - captive individuals","fertility: males usually sterile; females sometimes fertile note - Haldane s rule","wild occurrence: essentially none documented for lion-tiger note - ranges barely overlap today"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hybrid between Panthera species","Lipard, liguar, tiguar, jagulep, lion-tiger hybrids, Asiatic-African lion","Subspecies crosses stay within a species; savannah cats cross servals and domestic cats; mythical cats are fictional","Big cats with mixed traits, such as ligers with faint stripes and large size."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain known crosses and biology","relay fertility and health","present welfare debates with attribution","flag poorly verified aliases"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Promoting hybrid breeding","Treating poorly verified hybrids as established","Public safety risks with big cats"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["AZA and EAZA policies against hybrid breeding","US Big Cat Public Safety Act of 2022","CITES and national wildlife laws"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; hybrid animals.","ligers and tigons","leopons","jaglions and jagupards","poorly documented crosses","subspecies crosses as related cases"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q759721: Panthera hybrid","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759721","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Panthera hybrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthera_hybrid","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["The registry aliases lipard, liguar, tiguar and jagulep should be verified before retention","The registry alias Asiatic-African lion should be moved to lion subspecies entries","How should welfare policies be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q759721/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q759721/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T23:23:27Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}