{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.lens","code":"thing-q768575","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q768575/","name":"lens","alternateNames":["burning glass","catoptric lens","thick lens","Stokes lens","Dioptric correction","compound refractive lens","infrared lense","field lens","liquid lens","progressive lens","visby lenses","kinoform"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A transmissive optical component that focuses or disperses light by refraction through shaped surfaces, a spatial variation in refractive index, or both, made of glass, plastic or other transparent material, in forms from simple converging and diverging lenses and thick lenses to compound, aspheric and flat gradient-index lenses, historical burning glasses, corrective spectacle lenses including Stokes lenses for astigmatism, and compound refractive lenses for X-rays; lenses are fundamental to eyeglasses, cameras, microscopes, telescopes and the eye itself. Catadioptric systems combine lenses and mirrors and are optical systems rather than forms of lenses.","purpose":"Let an agent explain lenses and how they work, describe kinds and applications, relay optical principles and standards, and distinguish lenses from mirrors, prisms and the eye lens.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Lenses focus or disperse light by refraction through shaped surfaces, refractive-index gradients or both.","Focal length characterises a lens's focusing or dispersing action.","Lenses can introduce optical aberrations.","Lenses have widespread applications in optical equipment."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"How lenses work.","layers":[{"id":"principle","name":"Principle","description":"Refraction and focus.","findings":[{"id":"principle-finding","name":"Principle","description":"Principle.","questions":[{"text":"How do lenses focus light, and what do focal length and the lensmaker equation describe?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the component a lens, a mirror, a prism or the eye lens?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What kinds of lens exist, from simple to compound, aspheric, catadioptric and X-ray lenses?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Design and aberrations.","layers":[{"id":"aberrations","name":"Aberrations","description":"Aberrations.","findings":[{"id":"aberrations-finding","name":"Aberrations","description":"Aberrations.","questions":[{"text":"What aberrations affect lenses, and how are they corrected?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits optical aberration?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"manufacture","name":"Manufacture","description":"Manufacture and standards.","findings":[{"id":"manufacture-finding","name":"Manufacture","description":"Manufacture.","questions":[{"text":"How are lenses made and tested, and what standards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"vision","name":"Vision","description":"Vision correction.","findings":[{"id":"vision-finding","name":"Vision","description":"Vision.","questions":[{"text":"How do spectacle and contact lenses correct vision, including astigmatism?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own prescription, which needs an eye care professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"instruments","name":"Instruments","description":"Instruments.","findings":[{"id":"instruments-finding","name":"Instruments","description":"Instruments.","questions":[{"text":"How are lenses used in cameras, microscopes, telescopes and X-ray optics?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did lenses develop from burning glasses and reading stones to modern optics?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of optics?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"future","name":"Future","description":"New lens technologies.","findings":[{"id":"future-finding","name":"Future","description":"Future.","questions":[{"text":"What are metalenses and liquid lenses, as research reports?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits metalens?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Inspect, clean and catalogue lenses on equipment the agent is authorized to handle.","Explain lens types, focal length and aberrations."],"mustNot":["Point a lens or optical system at the sun or a laser in a way that can burn or blind.","Leave lenses in sunlight where they can focus heat and start fires.","Use camera lenses to observe or record people without consent.","Supply corrective lenses to a person without a valid prescription where one is required."],"requiresHuman":["Fitting corrective or contact lenses to a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Lenses extend sight, and that power can be used to intrude on privacy.","Focused sunlight and lasers through lenses cause eye injury and fires."],"affectedParties":["Eye patients","People observed through lenses","Users of optical equipment"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or organisation that owns the equipment.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q65037298","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"optical component","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"refraction","type":"related","note":"of light"},{"target":"focal length","type":"related","note":"and aperture"},{"target":"mirror","type":"related","note":"which reflects"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.lens","Wikidata: Q768575 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q768575)","ISO 10110: optical drawing standards"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["lensmaker equation: 1/f = (n-1)(1/R1 - 1/R2) formula - thin lens","refractive index of crown glass: about 1.52 ratio"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Refracting optical element","Converging, diverging, thick, compound, aspheric, corrective, X-ray lenses","Mirrors reflect; prisms deviate without focusing; the crystalline lens is anatomical","A curved transparent disc or element, alone or in barrels and frames."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain principles and kinds","describe applications","relay standards and design","distinguish from related components"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Aberrations and distortion","Fire from focused sunlight","Eye damage from improper corrective lenses"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO optics standards for drawings and testing","Medical device rules for spectacle and contact lenses","Laser and radiation safety rules for some applications"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Focusing and shaping light.","simple converging and diverging lenses","thick and compound lenses","aspheric and gradient index lenses","spectacle and contact lenses including Stokes lenses","camera, microscope and telescope objectives","catadioptric lenses","Fresnel lenses and burning glasses","compound refractive lenses for X-rays"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q768575: lens","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q768575","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Lens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should camera lens and spectacle lens be separate primary entries?","How should optics standards be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specialised lens types; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q768575/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q768575/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:17:19Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:34+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}