{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.dry-sump","code":"thing-q779325","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q779325/","name":"dry sump","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A dry sump is an engine lubrication arrangement in which scavenge pumps remove oil collecting in the crankcase and return it to a separate reservoir that supplies the pressure lubrication circuit.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise a dry-sump lubrication system, assess its oil supply and scavenging state, and identify appropriate operating or maintenance actions.","scope":{"in":["Separate oil reservoir and its usable supply, return, venting and pickup arrangements","Pressure-feed and scavenge circuits, including pumps, pickups, lines and regulating devices","Oil collection, air separation and crankcase pressure management","Lubrication performance across speed, temperature, attitude and acceleration conditions","System-specific monitoring, priming, oil-level checking and servicing"],"out":["The complete engine or other lubricated machine and its primary function","Oil chemistry and lubricant manufacture beyond compatibility requirements","Wet-sump lubrication architectures except as a comparison boundary","Complete vehicle cooling and electrical systems beyond lubrication interfaces","Product-line specifications and individual-unit service histories as standalone kinds"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The normal operating oil supply is held in a reservoir separate from the collection sump; an external cooler alone does not make a wet-sump system a dry sump.","A scavenge path actively returns collected oil to the reservoir, while a pressure-feed path supplies lubricated components; these functions may share a pump assembly.","The collection sump is intended to avoid retaining the main operating oil inventory; 'dry' does not require it to contain no oil.","Classification depends on the complete storage and circulation arrangement, rather than a shallow oil pan, pump-stage count or crankcase vacuum alone."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"oil-storage-and-circuit-boundary","name":"Oil storage and circuit boundary","description":"Defines the dry-sump arrangement through its reservoir and distinct circulation functions.","layers":[{"id":"reservoir-and-collection-sump","name":"Reservoir and collection sump","description":"Separates oil storage from temporary collection within the host.","findings":[{"id":"operating-oil-inventory","name":"Operating oil inventory","description":"Record where the main operating supply is held and how the collection sump relates to it.","questions":[{"text":"Which volume holds the normal operating oil supply, and how is it separate from the collection sump?","id":"operating-oil-inventory-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which tank, sump and connecting components belong to this system rather than to the host model?","id":"operating-oil-inventory-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"pressure-and-return-topology","name":"Pressure and return topology","description":"Traces delivery to lubricated regions and scavenged return to storage.","findings":[{"id":"traceable-oil-paths","name":"Traceable oil paths","description":"Represent pressure supply, collection and scavenged return as connected paths with identified interfaces.","questions":[{"text":"What path does oil follow from the reservoir pickup through pressure delivery and back through each scavenge stage?","id":"traceable-oil-paths-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which drawing or inspected configuration establishes the actual routing, including filters, coolers and bypasses?","id":"traceable-oil-paths-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"pressure-delivery-and-pump-drive","name":"Pressure delivery and pump drive","description":"Captures how the system creates and regulates oil supply to the host.","layers":[{"id":"pump-power-and-capacity","name":"Pump power and capacity","description":"Relates pump operation to its drive and fluid conditions.","findings":[{"id":"available-pressure-stage-output","name":"Available pressure-stage output","description":"Record pressure-stage drive, speed relationship and documented output conditions.","questions":[{"text":"What powers the pressure stage, and how does its speed or command relate to host operation?","id":"available-pressure-stage-output-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What delivery flow is established at the relevant pump speed, oil viscosity and discharge pressure?","id":"available-pressure-stage-output-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"supply-regulation-and-verification","name":"Supply regulation and verification","description":"Connects regulating devices and measurement locations to lubrication requirements.","findings":[{"id":"usable-supply-pressure","name":"Usable supply pressure","description":"Assess pressure at meaningful points rather than treating any pump-outlet reading as proof of adequate lubrication.","questions":[{"text":"Where is supply pressure measured, and what limits apply at the stated oil temperature and host speed?","id":"usable-supply-pressure-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How do relief, regulation and bypass devices affect delivery, and what approved action follows an out-of-limit reading?","id":"usable-supply-pressure-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"scavenging-and-air-management","name":"Scavenging and air management","description":"Addresses oil removal from collection regions and handling of the returning oil-air mixture.","layers":[{"id":"collection-region-coverage","name":"Collection region coverage","description":"Maps scavenge pickups and stages to places where oil accumulates.","findings":[{"id":"scavenge-coverage-and-balance","name":"Scavenge coverage and balance","description":"Record pickup coverage and evidence that return capacity prevents unacceptable oil accumulation.","questions":[{"text":"Which sump compartments or other collection regions feed each scavenge stage?","id":"scavenge-coverage-and-balance-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What observations or tests establish adequate scavenging across the intended speed and motion envelope?","id":"scavenge-coverage-and-balance-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"deaeration-and-ventilation","name":"Deaeration and ventilation","description":"Describes separation of returning air and oil and control of gas pressure.","findings":[{"id":"return-air-and-crankcase-pressure","name":"Return air and crankcase pressure","description":"Record reservoir air separation, vent routing and any intentional crankcase pressure control.","questions":[{"text":"How does the reservoir separate returning air from oil before oil reaches the pressure-stage pickup?","id":"return-air-and-crankcase-pressure-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What crankcase and reservoir pressure limits apply, and where are they measured?","id":"return-air-and-crankcase-pressure-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"operating-envelope-and-condition","name":"Operating envelope and condition","description":"Defines the conditions under which oil remains available and suitable for circulation.","layers":[{"id":"reservoir-pickup-under-motion","name":"Reservoir pickup under motion","description":"Examines supply continuity as oil moves within the reservoir and collection regions.","findings":[{"id":"motion-qualified-oil-supply","name":"Motion-qualified oil supply","description":"Record validated attitudes, accelerations and durations together with the required reservoir oil quantity.","questions":[{"text":"For what attitudes, accelerations and durations has uninterrupted supply been demonstrated?","id":"motion-qualified-oil-supply-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What minimum operating reservoir quantity and internal pickup arrangement support those conditions?","id":"motion-qualified-oil-supply-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"thermal-and-contamination-condition","name":"Thermal and contamination condition","description":"Links lubricant condition and circuit restrictions to delivery and scavenging.","findings":[{"id":"circulating-oil-fitness","name":"Circulating oil fitness","description":"Record approved lubricant requirements, temperature bounds and indicators of contamination or restriction.","questions":[{"text":"Which host or system documentation specifies lubricant compatibility and allowable supply or reservoir temperatures?","id":"circulating-oil-fitness-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which temperature, filter restriction or debris observations require oil service, inspection or an operating restriction?","id":"circulating-oil-fitness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"service-readiness-and-fault-response","name":"Service readiness and fault response","description":"Supports correct oil servicing, restoration of circulation and response to dry-sump faults.","layers":[{"id":"level-checking-and-priming","name":"Level checking and priming","description":"Defines design-specific conditions for checking inventory and establishing circulation.","findings":[{"id":"verified-fill-and-start-readiness","name":"Verified fill and start readiness","description":"Distinguish the prescribed oil-level check from an arbitrary tank reading and verify readiness after circuit disturbance.","questions":[{"text":"At what temperature, running state or time after shutdown must reservoir level be checked?","id":"verified-fill-and-start-readiness-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What priming and verification procedure applies after draining, hose replacement or pump work?","id":"verified-fill-and-start-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"fault-localisation-and-protection","name":"Fault localisation and protection","description":"Relates observed symptoms to the pressure, return, storage and drive subsystems.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-led-lubrication-fault-response","name":"Evidence-led lubrication fault response","description":"Record discriminating evidence and host-approved responses without assuming a universal shutdown threshold or interlock.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence distinguishes low inventory, pickup air ingestion, drive failure, pressure-stage failure and inadequate scavenging?","id":"evidence-led-lubrication-fault-response-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which alarms or interlocks are installed, and what operating or shutdown response does the applicable procedure require?","id":"evidence-led-lubrication-fault-response-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of dry sump this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of dry sump this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of dry sump this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of dry sump this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of dry sump this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Check oil level and leaks on a dry sump engine following the maker's procedure.","Report pump, tank or line faults to the owner or mechanic."],"mustNot":["Run an engine whose dry sump system shows low oil or a failed scavenge pump.","Work on hot oil lines or tanks without safe cooling and isolation.","Dispose of used oil to drains or soil."],"requiresHuman":["Modifying the lubrication system or approving the engine for racing or flight."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Oil fires and engine failure in vehicles and aircraft endanger people.","Used oil pollutes water."],"affectedParties":["Drivers and pilots","Mechanics","Spectators"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of the vehicle or engine; its mechanic answers for maintenance.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1847497","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.dry-sump","Wikidata: Q779325 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779325)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Lubricated host and system boundary: Host machine, lubricated regions and included circuit components","Reservoir arrangement: External tank or integrated separate reservoir; pickup, return and vent configuration","Oil inventory: L, separating total fill, reservoir operating quantity and service refill under specified conditions","Pressure and scavenge stage arrangement: Stage count, function, drive type and assigned pickup region","Pump drive relationship: Mechanical drive ratio or electric drive supply and control relationship","Oil supply pressure: kPa at a named location, oil temperature and host speed or operating state","Circuit flow capacity: L/min per stage at stated speed, viscosity, pressure and aeration conditions","Oil temperature: °C at reservoir, supply or return measurement points","Crankcase pressure: kPa relative to ambient, at a named operating condition","Validated motion envelope: Attitude in degrees, acceleration in m/s² and exposure duration in s","Lubrication readiness: Unknown, unprimed, primed, verified ready, degraded or inhibited"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A separate oil tank with lines to the engine and a shallow crankcase pan.","Additional scavenge pump stages on the engine."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify an arrangement as dry sump by tracing its oil storage, pressure-feed and scavenge paths.","Compare measured lubrication behaviour with the host-specific operating envelope.","Identify whether pressure loss may originate in reservoir supply, pump drive, pressure regulation or inadequate scavenging.","Determine the applicable oil-level check, refill and priming procedure from the installed design.","Assess proposed tank, hose, pump or lubricant changes against documented circuit requirements.","Flag conditions requiring restricted operation, shutdown or inspection under the applicable host procedure."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Scavenge failure floods the crankcase and can cause engine damage.","Leaking lines spray hot oil that can catch fire."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["SAE J300, issued by SAE International, classifies the viscosity of engine lubricating oils used in dry sump systems where the engine specification adopts those grades."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dry sump lubrication is used in engines that need reliable oil delivery despite strong acceleration, cornering or changes in orientation.","It is encountered in competition vehicles, some aircraft engines and other applications where oil control and engine packaging are important.","The separate reservoir also supports oil cooling and separation of entrained air before the oil returns to the pressure circuit."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q779325: dry sump","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779325","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Dry sump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_sump","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend 'dry sump' to denote the complete lubrication system, the collection sump component or both, and does an existing world model already own that concept?","Which authoritative references should establish classification boundaries for integrated-reservoir and semi-dry-sump arrangements?","Which host-specific sources establish oil quantities, pressure and temperature limits, pump capacities and validated motion envelopes?","Which standards, issuing bodies or certification requirements apply to each intended application, rather than to dry-sump systems universally?","Which designs require explicit modelling of shutdown drain-back, anti-drain devices, pre-lubrication or intentional crankcase vacuum control?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q779325/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q779325/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:19:58Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}