{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.slurry-wall","code":"thing-q781696","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q781696/","name":"slurry wall","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A reinforced concrete wall built in the ground by excavating a deep trench that is kept open by bentonite or polymer slurry, placing reinforcement and then displacing the slurry with concrete, also called a diaphragm wall, used to form deep basements, cut-off walls against groundwater, retaining walls for excavations and foundations for tall buildings and tunnels; slurry walls allow construction in soft ground and near existing structures with minimal movement.","purpose":"Let an agent explain slurry walls and their construction, relay uses, design and standards from geotechnical sources, describe cut-off and structural applications, and distinguish slurry walls from sheet piles and secant pile walls.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Slurry-supported excavation","Cast in place","Watertight and stiff","Top-down construction enabler"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a slurry wall is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and construction.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a slurry wall, and how is it built panel by panel with slurry, cages and tremie concrete?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a slurry wall, a sheet pile wall or a pile wall?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Types.","findings":[{"id":"types-finding","name":"Types","description":"Types.","questions":[{"text":"How do structural diaphragm walls differ from soil-bentonite and plastic concrete cut-off walls?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific type?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Design and standards.","layers":[{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Design.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"How are slurry walls designed for earth and water pressure, stability of the trench and joints?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"standards","name":"Standards","description":"Standards.","findings":[{"id":"standards-finding","name":"Standards","description":"Standards.","questions":[{"text":"What execution and geotechnical standards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific standard?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"projects","name":"Projects","description":"Notable projects.","findings":[{"id":"projects-finding","name":"Projects","description":"Projects.","questions":[{"text":"Where have slurry walls been used, from the World Trade Center bathtub to metro stations and dam cut-offs?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"problems","name":"Problems","description":"Problems and quality.","findings":[{"id":"problems-finding","name":"Problems","description":"Problems.","questions":[{"text":"What defects occur, and how are walls tested and repaired?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits geotechnical quality control?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and comparison.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did slurry wall technique develop from oil well drilling mud to Italian and French practice?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of geotechnical engineering?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"comparison","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison.","findings":[{"id":"comparison-finding","name":"Comparison","description":"Comparison.","questions":[{"text":"When are slurry walls chosen over sheet piles, secant piles or soil nailing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits earth retention?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe how slurry or diaphragm walls are used for basements, cut-offs and tunnels.","Monitor wall movement, groundwater and settlement data for the engineer responsible, and report alarms.","Check that inspection records for each panel and joint are complete."],"mustNot":["Approve a design, excavation stage or slurry change in place of the responsible engineer.","Suppress or delay monitoring alarms about ground movement or leakage.","Allow anyone near an open trench without the protection set by the site safety plan.","Release slurry or spoil into drains or watercourses outside permitted disposal."],"requiresHuman":["Deciding to continue excavation after a monitoring trigger level is exceeded.","Any change to work that may affect neighbouring buildings or utilities."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Failure of a deep wall can damage neighbouring buildings and endanger workers and the public.","Construction in dense cities shifts risks onto neighbours who did not choose them."],"affectedParties":["Site workers","Neighbouring owners and residents","Users of nearby roads and utilities"]},"owners":{"steward":"The contractor builds it under the responsible engineer; the building owner answers for it afterwards.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1936980","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"sheet piling","type":"related","note":"in registry terms, as an earth retention method"},{"target":"retaining wall","type":"related","note":"in general terms"},{"target":"bentonite","type":"related","note":"slurry support"},{"target":"top-down construction","type":"related","note":"of deep basements"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.slurry-wall","Wikidata: Q781696 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781696)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["typical thickness: 0.6-1.5 m","depths: up to 100 m - or more","first structural use: 1950s period - Italy"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Concrete wall cast in a slurry-supported trench","Structural diaphragm walls, cut-off walls, soil-bentonite walls","Sheet piles are driven steel; secant and contiguous pile walls use bored piles","Not visible when complete; a trench with slurry, then a concrete wall below ground."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain construction","relay uses and design","describe applications","distinguish from other walls"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Trench collapse from slurry loss","Joint leakage and panel defects","Ground movement affecting neighbours"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EN 1538 execution of diaphragm walls","Eurocode 7 and national geotechnical codes","Slurry disposal and environmental rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Deep retaining and cut-off walls in the ground.","structural diaphragm walls for basements and stations","soil-bentonite and cement-bentonite cut-off walls","plastic concrete cut-off walls for dams","barrettes as deep foundation elements","precast panel diaphragm walls"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q781696: slurry wall","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781696","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Slurry wall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurry_wall","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should diaphragm wall and cut-off wall be separate entries?","How should geotechnical standards be linked?","Is sheet piling the right registry parent?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q781696/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q781696/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T03:39:09Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}