{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.chinese","code":"thing-q7850","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7850/","name":"Chinese","alternateNames":["Chinese language in the United States","Chinese language in Australia","Lingling","Dongping dialect","Xiang Chinese","Gan Chinese","Wu Chinese","Old Chinese","Jin","Min Chinese","Huizhou Chinese","Historical Chinese"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The Chinese languages, a branch of the Sino-Tibetan family comprising many varieties such as Mandarin, Cantonese (Yue), Wu, Min, Hakka, Xiang and Gan, written mainly with Chinese characters in simplified or traditional forms.","purpose":"Let an agent handle Chinese by variety, script, romanisation and usage, respecting the distinction between varieties and scripts.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Group of varieties","Shared logographic writing tradition","Tonal","Two main character standards"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"variety","name":"Variety","description":"Which Chinese.","layers":[{"id":"spoken","name":"Spoken","description":"Variety.","findings":[{"id":"spoken-finding","name":"Spoken","description":"Variety.","questions":[{"text":"Which spoken variety is meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Where is it spoken?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"script","name":"Script","description":"Simplified or traditional.","findings":[{"id":"script-finding","name":"Script","description":"Script.","questions":[{"text":"Which character standard is expected?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"For which region?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"romanisation","name":"Romanisation","description":"Latin script.","layers":[{"id":"system","name":"System","description":"Pinyin, Jyutping.","findings":[{"id":"system-finding","name":"System","description":"Romanisation system.","questions":[{"text":"Which romanisation system applies?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Are tone marks needed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"names","name":"Names","description":"Personal and place names.","findings":[{"id":"names-finding","name":"Names","description":"Names.","questions":[{"text":"How does the person or place prefer to be romanised?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a historical form used?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Learners.","layers":[{"id":"levels","name":"Levels","description":"HSK and others.","findings":[{"id":"levels-finding","name":"Levels","description":"Proficiency.","questions":[{"text":"Which proficiency tests exist?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What level is needed?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"resources","name":"Resources","description":"Study.","findings":[{"id":"resources-finding","name":"Resources","description":"Resources.","questions":[{"text":"Which learning resources suit the learner?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which variety do they teach?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"translation","name":"Translation","description":"Care.","layers":[{"id":"accuracy","name":"Accuracy","description":"Meaning.","findings":[{"id":"accuracy-finding","name":"Accuracy","description":"Translation.","questions":[{"text":"Does the translation keep meaning and register?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Are idioms handled?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"neutrality","name":"Neutrality","description":"Naming.","findings":[{"id":"neutrality-finding","name":"Neutrality","description":"Neutral naming.","questions":[{"text":"Are politically sensitive names handled neutrally?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Are alternatives noted?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate, teach and write in Chinese, naming the variety and script.","Explain the differences between varieties such as Mandarin and Cantonese."],"mustNot":["Treat one variety or script as the only correct Chinese.","Translate legal, medical or safety texts without flagging the need for a qualified translator.","Use language to mock or stereotype speakers."],"requiresHuman":["Certifying a translation for official use."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The choice of variety and script carries political and cultural weight.","Minority varieties are under pressure."],"affectedParties":["Speakers of all varieties","Learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a language held in common by its speakers.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q45961","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Sino-Tibetan language","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Chinese characters","type":"related","note":"script"},{"target":"Hanyu Pinyin and others","type":"related","note":"systems"},{"target":"Japanese and Korean","type":"related","note":"shared characters (not related languages)"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.chinese","Wikidata: Q7850 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7850)","ISO 639-1: zh macrolanguage","ISO 639-3: cmn, yue, wuu and others varieties"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["speakers: about 1.3-1.4 billion people - all varieties, estimates vary"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Simplified versus traditional characters","Romanisations such as Hanyu Pinyin or Jyutping","Varieties may be mutually unintelligible in speech","Chinese characters in simplified or traditional form; spoken varieties with tones."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify the variety and script","romanise with the right system","learn Chinese","translate carefully"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating all varieties as one spoken language","Mixing simplified and traditional scripts","Wrong romanisation for names"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National language standards (Putonghua)","Unicode CJK standards","ISO 7098 romanisation"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Communication for well over a billion people, and a major language of culture and scholarship.","Mandarin","Yue (Cantonese)","Wu (such as Shanghainese)","Min (such as Hokkien)","Hakka, Xiang and Gan"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q7850: Chinese","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7850","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Chinese language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should varieties be separate entries?","How should scripts be linked?","How should politically sensitive naming be handled?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q7850/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q7850/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T08:48:12Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}