{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.avalanche","code":"thing-q7935","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7935/","name":"avalanche","alternateNames":["Roof avalanches","slab avalanche","snow avalanche","loose snow avalanche","powder snow avalanche"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A rapid flow of snow down a steep slope, triggered naturally or by people, ranging from small sluffs to large avalanches that can destroy forests and buildings; described by release type (loose snow or slab), snow wetness and flow regime (dense flow or powder cloud) and by size; regional avalanche danger is forecast on a five-level scale in Europe and North America.","purpose":"Let an agent explain avalanches, their types, danger scales and safety resources, and direct people to official avalanche forecasts.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Slab avalanches release a cohesive layer over a weak layer and cause most fatalities.","Most victims trigger the avalanche themselves.","Survival of critical burials falls steeply between about 10 and 30 minutes (Swiss study, 2024), depending on circumstances."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"event","name":"Event","description":"Which avalanche.","layers":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Kind.","findings":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Release type, snow wetness and flow regime, recorded separately.","questions":[{"text":"Slab, loose, wet or powder?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Per which observation?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"size","name":"Size","description":"Destructive size.","findings":[{"id":"size","name":"Size","description":"Class.","questions":[{"text":"What size class?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Per which scale?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"conditions","name":"Conditions","description":"Snowpack.","layers":[{"id":"snowpack","name":"Snowpack","description":"Layers.","findings":[{"id":"snowpack","name":"Snowpack","description":"Weak layers.","questions":[{"text":"Which weak layers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per which test?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"terrain","name":"Terrain","description":"Slope.","findings":[{"id":"terrain","name":"Terrain","description":"Angle and aspect.","questions":[{"text":"What slope angle and aspect?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Per which map?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"forecast","name":"Forecast","description":"Danger level.","layers":[{"id":"danger-level","name":"Danger level","description":"Scale.","findings":[{"id":"danger-level","name":"Danger level","description":"Level and region.","questions":[{"text":"What is the danger level?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per which warning service?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"problems","name":"Problems","description":"Avalanche problems.","findings":[{"id":"avalanche-problem","name":"Avalanche problem","description":"Type.","questions":[{"text":"Which avalanche problems?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per the bulletin?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Rescue.","layers":[{"id":"equipment","name":"Equipment","description":"Gear.","findings":[{"id":"equipment","name":"Equipment","description":"Items.","questions":[{"text":"Which equipment is recommended?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Per which standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"rescue","name":"Rescue","description":"Response.","findings":[{"id":"rescue","name":"Rescue","description":"Contact.","questions":[{"text":"How to call rescue?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which number?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain avalanches and point to official forecasts"],"mustNot":["declare a slope safe","replace official forecasts"],"requiresHuman":["route decisions by trained people using official forecasts","emergencies to rescue services"]},"ethics":{"considerations":["safety"],"affectedParties":["mountain users","residents"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody; a natural phenomenon; warning services issue forecasts","roles":[],"masterSystems":["regional avalanche warning services"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q123349687","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3574985","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"mass wasting","type":"related","note":"natural hazard"},{"target":"snowpack","type":"related","note":"cause"},{"target":"regional avalanche forecast","type":"related","note":"danger level for a region and time"},{"target":"avalanche transceiver","type":"related","note":"safety equipment"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.avalanche","Wikidata: Q7935 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["typical slope angle for slab avalanches: about 30 to 45 degrees - most start on slopes in this range"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Fracture lines (crowns) on slopes and debris piles at the base","Snow sliding or flowing down a slope, from a small sluff to a large cloud of powder."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain types and triggers","explain the avalanche danger scale","point to official forecast services","explain safety equipment and training in general terms"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Burial and asphyxia","Trauma","Destruction of buildings and roads"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["European Avalanche Danger Scale (EAWS)","North American Public Avalanche Danger Scale","ETSI EN 300 718 avalanche beacons"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["by release: loose snow or slab","by wetness: dry or wet","by flow: dense flow or powder cloud","glide avalanche","roof avalanche (snow slide from roofs)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Q7935","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935","note":"identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks"},{"title":"Avalanche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche","note":"general description of the subject"},{"title":"Glossary","url":"https://www.avalanches.org/glossary/","note":"Avalanche terminology, release types, snow conditions, terrain and regional danger-scale meaning."},{"title":"Dossier expert sur les avalanches","url":"https://www.georisques.gouv.fr/consulter-les-dossiers-thematiques/avalanches","note":"Dense, powder and mixed flows; entrainment, movement and destructive consequences."},{"title":"Avalanche Survival Rates in Switzerland, 1981-2020","url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2824053","note":"Critical-burial definition and updated survival-time evidence."},{"title":"North American public avalanche danger scale","url":"https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/mtn/securiteenmontagne-mountainsafety/avalanche/echellerisque-dangerscale","note":"Five danger levels based on avalanche likelihood, size and distribution."},{"title":"EN 300 718-1 work item","url":"https://portal.etsi.org/webapp/WorkProgram/Report_WorkItem.asp?WKI_ID=57408","note":"Standard issuer, identifier and scope for 457 kHz avalanche beacons."},{"title":"Avalanche science and prevention","url":"https://www.slf.ch/en/avalanches/avalanche-science-and-prevention/","note":"Avalanche mechanisms, slab hazards, prevention context and official information resources."}],"openQuestions":[],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q7935/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q7935/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-22T11:28:53Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-22T11:39:44+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 7 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}