{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.braille-script","code":"thing-q79894","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q79894/","name":"Braille script","alternateNames":["Braille music","Vietnamese Braille","Standard Chinese Braille","Cantonese Braille","Dutch eight-dot Braille","Azerbaijani Braille","Ga Braille","Dagaare Braille","Ewe Braille","Ntcham Braille","Konkomba Braille","Kabiye Braille"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A tactile writing system used by blind and visually impaired people, devised by Louis Braille in the 1820s, in which characters are formed from raised dots in cells of six or, in computer braille, eight positions, adapted to many languages and scripts including Vietnamese, Chinese and Azerbaijani braille, with codes for mathematics, music and computing, and produced by slate and stylus, braillers, embossers and refreshable displays; braille is a literacy tool and is protected in accessibility law.","purpose":"Let an agent explain braille and how it works, describe its adaptations to languages and specialised codes, support learning and access questions, and describe technology and policy.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Tactile","Cell-based","Contracted and uncontracted forms","Multilingual adaptations"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What braille is.","layers":[{"id":"system","name":"System","description":"The system.","findings":[{"id":"system-finding","name":"System","description":"System.","questions":[{"text":"How does braille work, from the six-dot cell to contracted and eight-dot forms?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which language or code is meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"adaptations","name":"Adaptations","description":"Languages and codes.","findings":[{"id":"adaptations-finding","name":"Adaptations","description":"Adaptations.","questions":[{"text":"How is braille adapted to different languages and scripts, and what specialised codes exist for music, mathematics and computing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific braille code?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Learning and producing braille.","layers":[{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning braille.","findings":[{"id":"learn-finding","name":"Learn","description":"Learning.","questions":[{"text":"How is braille learned by children and adults, and which resources do blindness organisations recommend?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits blindness education?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"produce","name":"Produce","description":"Producing braille.","findings":[{"id":"produce-finding","name":"Produce","description":"Production.","questions":[{"text":"How is braille produced with slates, braillers, embossers and translation software?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits assistive technology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"technology","name":"Technology","description":"Technology and policy.","layers":[{"id":"displays","name":"Displays","description":"Refreshable displays.","findings":[{"id":"displays-finding","name":"Displays","description":"Displays.","questions":[{"text":"How do refreshable braille displays work with computers and phones?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits screen readers?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Accessibility policy.","findings":[{"id":"policy-finding","name":"Policy","description":"Policy.","questions":[{"text":"What laws require braille on packaging, signage and documents, and what debates exist about braille literacy, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Louis Braille develop the system, and how did it spread worldwide?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can braille be introduced to sighted learners and in schools?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how braille cells work and how braille is adapted to different languages and codes.","Convert text to braille for review, stating which code and grade was used.","Point learners and families to braille teaching and library services."],"mustNot":["Present machine-produced braille as checked when no proficient reader has proofread it.","Describe braille as a language rather than a script for writing languages.","Treat braille users as less capable or speak about them instead of to them.","Remove or obscure braille on signs, labels or medicine packs where it is required."],"requiresHuman":["Approving braille output for medicine labels, ballots or legal documents."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Braille is a route to literacy and independence for blind people; poor production denies them access.","Replacing braille entirely with audio can erode literacy that blind readers value."],"affectedParties":["Blind and visually impaired readers","Braille teachers and transcribers","Deafblind people"]},"owners":{"steward":"The public: held in common; national braille authorities maintain the codes for each language.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q137731230","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"tactile writing system","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"sign language","type":"related","note":"another accessibility-related communication system"},{"target":"Latin script","type":"related","note":"the scripts braille often encodes"},{"target":"musical notation","type":"related","note":"braille music"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.braille-script","Wikidata: Q79894 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Raised dot cells read by touch","Six-dot and eight-dot cells, language adaptations","Moon type is another tactile system; audio is not writing","Raised dot patterns on paper or displays."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the system","describe adaptations and codes","support learning and access","describe technology and policy"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Declining braille literacy","Inaccurate braille production","Treating braille as a language rather than a script"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National braille authorities and codes","Accessibility laws requiring braille","Standards for braille on packaging and signage"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Tactile writing for blind readers.","literary braille in various languages","contracted braille","braille music","mathematical and scientific braille codes","computer braille and refreshable displays"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q79894: Braille script","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Braille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should braille music be a separate entry?","How should braille authorities be linked?","How should learning resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q79894/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q79894/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T05:34:49Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}