{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.r-540-whirlwind","code":"thing-q8038249","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8038249/","name":"R-540 Whirlwind","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.FLW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A five-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engine of the Wright Whirlwind family, introduced in the late 1920s as the smallest member of the J-6 series with about five hundred and forty cubic inches displacement and around one hundred and sixty-five horsepower, used in light aircraft, trainers and small transports of the interwar period; the engine is a historical type preserved in museums and some vintage aircraft.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Wright R-540 Whirlwind as a historical aircraft engine, describe its design and applications from published sources, identify preserved examples, and support aviation history and restoration questions.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Five cylinders","Light aircraft use","Interwar era","J-6 family"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What the R-540 is.","layers":[{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Design and specifications.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"What are the design and published specifications of the R-540, and how does it relate to the other J-6 engines?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which variant is meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"family","name":"Family","description":"Whirlwind family.","findings":[{"id":"family-finding","name":"Family","description":"Family.","questions":[{"text":"How does the R-540 fit within the Wright Whirlwind family?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the Whirlwind family?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"aircraft","name":"Aircraft","description":"Aircraft applications.","findings":[{"id":"aircraft-finding","name":"Aircraft","description":"Aircraft.","questions":[{"text":"Which light aircraft, trainers and transports used the R-540, according to published sources?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific aircraft?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"service","name":"Service","description":"Service history.","findings":[{"id":"service-finding","name":"Service","description":"Service.","questions":[{"text":"How did the engine perform in service, and how long did it remain in use?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"preserve","name":"Preserve","description":"Preservation.","layers":[{"id":"museums","name":"Museums","description":"Museum examples.","findings":[{"id":"museums-finding","name":"Museums","description":"Museums.","questions":[{"text":"Where are R-540 engines preserved or displayed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits aviation museums?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"restoration","name":"Restoration","description":"Restoration.","findings":[{"id":"restoration-finding","name":"Restoration","description":"Restoration.","questions":[{"text":"What is involved in restoring and operating vintage radial engines within airworthiness rules?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits vintage aircraft restoration?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Context and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Historical context.","findings":[{"id":"context-finding","name":"Context","description":"Context.","questions":[{"text":"How did small radial engines like the R-540 support the growth of light aviation in the 1930s?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can radial engines be taught in aviation history and engineering?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the engine's history, specifications and aircraft it powered from reliable sources.","Help restorers find documentation and museum examples."],"mustNot":["Declare a historic engine airworthy without an authorized inspection.","Advise running an engine with unknown condition near people.","Invent specifications or service history."],"requiresHuman":["Returning a vintage engine to flight."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Vintage aircraft failures endanger pilots, passengers and spectators.","Historic engines are heritage objects that careless work can destroy."],"affectedParties":["Pilots","Spectators","Restorers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of each engine; aviation authorities register aircraft fitted with them.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National civil aircraft registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q113231564","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"J-6 Whirlwind","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"R-760 Whirlwind","type":"related","note":"the seven-cylinder relative"},{"target":"R-790 Whirlwind","type":"related","note":"the nine-cylinder predecessor"},{"target":"aviation","type":"related","note":"the wider field"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.r-540-whirlwind","Wikidata: Q8038249 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8038249)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Engine displacement: Approximately 540 cubic inches - Displacement is the combined swept volume of the five cylinders.","Rated shaft power: Approximately 165 horsepower - Rated power depends on the engine variant and specified operating conditions."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Five-cylinder Wright Whirlwind of about five hundred and forty cubic inches","Smallest of the J-6 series","The R-760 has seven cylinders and the R-790 and R-975 have nine","A five-cylinder star-shaped radial engine."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain design","describe applications","identify preserved examples","support history questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Whirlwind variants","Parts scarcity for restoration","Outdated technical data"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Historical type certificates","Airworthiness rules for vintage aircraft","Museum conservation standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Interwar five-cylinder radial aircraft engine.","R-540 base model","variants of the five-cylinder Whirlwind","engines in light and training aircraft","preserved examples","related J-6 series engines"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q8038249: R-540 Whirlwind","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8038249","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Wright R-540 Whirlwind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-540_Whirlwind","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the J-6 series be the primary entry?","How should museum collections be linked?","How should type certificate records be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8038249/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8038249/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T06:20:57Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}