{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.logic","code":"thing-q8078","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8078/","name":"logic","alternateNames":["Buddhist logico-epistemology","legal logic","computability theory","computational complexity theory","logic in computer science","branching factor","analysis of algorithms","quantum complexity theory","Competitive analysis","formal logic","mathematical logic","Constructive logic"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The systematic study of valid reasoning, inference and argument, including formal logic such as propositional and predicate logic, mathematical logic, computability and complexity theory, informal logic and fallacies, and historical traditions such as Aristotelian, Indian and Buddhist logic; logic underpins mathematics, computer science and law.","purpose":"Let an agent explain logic by branch, help people construct and evaluate arguments, apply formal methods and find learning resources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Studies valid inference","Formal and informal branches","Foundational for mathematics","Many historical traditions"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"arguments","name":"Arguments","description":"Evaluating reasoning.","layers":[{"id":"validity","name":"Validity","description":"Valid arguments.","findings":[{"id":"validity-finding","name":"Validity","description":"Validity.","questions":[{"text":"Is this argument valid, and are its premises true?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What is its logical form?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"fallacies","name":"Fallacies","description":"Errors.","findings":[{"id":"fallacies-finding","name":"Fallacies","description":"Fallacies.","questions":[{"text":"Does the argument contain a fallacy, and which one?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How can it be repaired?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"formal","name":"Formal","description":"Formal systems.","layers":[{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Logics.","findings":[{"id":"systems-finding","name":"Systems","description":"Formal systems.","questions":[{"text":"How do propositional and predicate logic differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which proof system is used?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"metatheory","name":"Metatheory","description":"Completeness and limits.","findings":[{"id":"metatheory-finding","name":"Metatheory","description":"Metatheory.","questions":[{"text":"What do completeness and incompleteness theorems say?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who proved them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"computing","name":"Computing","description":"Logic in computer science.","layers":[{"id":"computability","name":"Computability","description":"What can be computed.","findings":[{"id":"computability-finding","name":"Computability","description":"Computability.","questions":[{"text":"What does computability theory say about this problem?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is it decidable?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"complexity","name":"Complexity","description":"Complexity classes.","findings":[{"id":"complexity-finding","name":"Complexity","description":"Complexity.","questions":[{"text":"Which complexity class does this problem belong to?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What is known about P versus NP?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"traditions","name":"Traditions","description":"History and learning.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Traditions.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"Historical traditions.","questions":[{"text":"How do Aristotelian, Indian and Buddhist logical traditions differ, according to scholars?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which texts are key?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning logic.","findings":[{"id":"learn-finding","name":"Learn","description":"Learning.","questions":[{"text":"Which resources suit a beginner in logic?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which exercises help?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Check whether an argument is valid and name its form or fallacy.","Explain logical systems and their notation as stated in the literature."],"mustNot":["Present a valid argument as proof that its premises are true.","Label a person's view as a fallacy without showing the argument.","Invent theorems, proofs or attributions to logicians."],"requiresHuman":["Relying on an automated proof for a decision about safety or people's rights."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Logic is used to persuade as well as to reason; apparent rigour can hide false premises.","Calling someone illogical can be used to dismiss people rather than arguments."],"affectedParties":["Students and readers","People whose views are judged"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns logic; the academic community maintains its knowledge.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q124222085","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"scientific study","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"mathematics","type":"related","note":"field"},{"target":"computer programming","type":"related","note":"application"},{"target":"theorem","type":"related","note":"proved statements"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.logic","Wikidata: Q8078 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8078)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Symbols such as connectives and quantifiers","Proofs and truth tables","Rhetoric persuades, logic validates","Not physical; symbols, proofs, truth tables and arguments."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["evaluate an argument for validity and soundness","explain formal logic systems","identify fallacies","apply logic in computing and law"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing validity with truth","Formalising natural language poorly"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["No specific regulation; standards exist for logical notation"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Reasoning, mathematics, computing and argumentation.","propositional and predicate logic","mathematical logic and set theory","computability and complexity theory","informal logic and critical thinking","non-classical logics such as modal and fuzzy logic"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q8078: logic","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8078","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Logic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should branches be separate entries?","How should textbooks be linked?","How should historical traditions be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8078/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8078/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T15:19:39Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}