{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.guerrilla-warfare","code":"thing-q80895","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q80895/","name":"guerrilla warfare","alternateNames":["urban guerrilla warfare","Anti-Francoist urban guerrilla","network-centric warfare","Guerrilla warfare in the Peninsular War","people's war","Maoist insurgency in Afghanistan","New People’s Army rebellion on Negros"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Guerrilla warfare is a mode of armed conflict in which dispersed forces use intermittent, limited engagements and withdrawal to contest an adversary while generally avoiding sustained conventional battles.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise and assess reported instances of guerrilla warfare, preserve disputed classifications, and support historical analysis and civilian protection.","scope":{"in":["Definitions of guerrilla warfare, their provenance, and contested applications","Relationships between guerrilla forces, political organisations, conventional forces, and external sponsors","Patterns of dispersed armed activity and intermittent territorial presence","Civilian relationships, coercion, displacement, and humanitarian consequences","Transitions between guerrilla warfare, conventional operations, demobilisation, and other forms of violence"],"out":["Insurgency as a complete political struggle encompassing armed and unarmed activity","Counterinsurgency doctrine and operational planning","Tactical instructions, targeting, weapons employment, and evasion methods","Terrorism as a distinct category requiring separate analysis of targets, purposes, and definitions","Comprehensive models of civil war, occupation, revolution, or military organisations"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Assess the actor's pattern of armed activity over a stated period; an isolated raid or ambush alone does not establish guerrilla warfare.","Test whether dispersed forces and intermittent engagements characterise the episode, while recording exceptions and the definition used.","Distinguish a mode of fighting from a political project: an insurgency label alone does not establish guerrilla warfare.","Do not classify by actor identity alone; evaluate the conduct of state-associated and non-state forces using the same explicit criteria.","Assess civilian targeting separately; a guerrilla classification neither establishes nor excludes a terrorism classification."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"definitions-and-boundaries","name":"Definitions and boundaries","description":"Records what guerrilla warfare means in the assessment and which adjacent concepts must remain distinct.","layers":[{"id":"definition-provenance","name":"Definition provenance","description":"Preserves the author, context, and criteria of each definition.","findings":[{"id":"attributed-classification","name":"Attributed classification","description":"Record classification as a claim made under a stated definition, including disagreement.","questions":[{"text":"Which reference work, scholar, institution, or participant supplies the definition being applied?","id":"attributed-classification-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What observable conditions does that definition require for an episode to count as guerrilla warfare?","id":"attributed-classification-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"neighbouring-concepts","name":"Neighbouring concepts","description":"Tests distinctions from insurgency, terrorism, raiding, and conventional warfare.","findings":[{"id":"mode-versus-movement","name":"Mode versus movement","description":"Assess the mode of fighting separately from the movement's identity, goals, and other activities.","questions":[{"text":"Does the evidence describe a sustained mode of armed conflict or only an isolated irregular attack?","id":"mode-versus-movement-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which claims concern insurgency or terrorism and therefore require separate criteria rather than inheritance from the guerrilla label?","id":"mode-versus-movement-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"armed-actors-and-political-relationships","name":"Armed actors and political relationships","description":"Records the organisation carrying out the fighting and its relationships to political and military authorities.","layers":[{"id":"organisation-and-command","name":"Organisation and command","description":"Distinguishes named movements from the formations responsible for particular conduct.","findings":[{"id":"bounded-actor-attribution","name":"Bounded actor attribution","description":"Record which formation acted and what evidence connects it to a wider command.","questions":[{"text":"Which formation is documented as responsible for the episode, and how is that attribution supported?","id":"bounded-actor-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does evidence establish shared command, loose affiliation, or merely a shared name?","id":"bounded-actor-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"political-and-external-links","name":"Political and external links","description":"Examines claimed political representation and relationships with other organised actors.","findings":[{"id":"claims-and-dependencies","name":"Claims and dependencies","description":"Keep declared aims, demonstrated relationships, and inferred dependence separate.","questions":[{"text":"What political aims and constituencies does the force claim, and who disputes those claims?","id":"claims-and-dependencies-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes external assistance from external direction or control?","id":"claims-and-dependencies-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"conflict-pattern-and-territory","name":"Conflict pattern and territory","description":"Assesses the mode of fighting and territorial relationships through historical evidence at an aggregate level.","layers":[{"id":"pattern-of-armed-activity","name":"Pattern of armed activity","description":"Evaluates documented patterns without converting them into operational recommendations.","findings":[{"id":"episode-level-mode","name":"Episode-level mode","description":"Record evidence for guerrilla, conventional, or mixed activity within a defined interval.","questions":[{"text":"Across the assessment period, what evidence supports dispersed armed activity and intermittent engagements as a recurring pattern?","id":"episode-level-mode-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which episodes contradict a predominantly guerrilla classification or indicate a mixed mode?","id":"episode-level-mode-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"presence-influence-and-control","name":"Presence, influence, and control","description":"Separates intermittent access from sustained authority over territory and residents.","findings":[{"id":"territorial-claim-qualification","name":"Territorial claim qualification","description":"Qualify territorial claims by their meaning, duration, and evidential basis.","questions":[{"text":"Does a reported territorial claim mean armed presence, influence, administration, or sustained control?","id":"territorial-claim-qualification-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"For which places and periods is that relationship documented, and where do accounts conflict?","id":"territorial-claim-qualification-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"civilian-relations-and-protection","name":"Civilian relations and protection","description":"Records differentiated civilian experiences and reported consequences of the fighting.","layers":[{"id":"support-coercion-and-governance","name":"Support, coercion, and governance","description":"Examines civilian relationships without treating populations as a single political actor.","findings":[{"id":"differentiated-civilian-relationships","name":"Differentiated civilian relationships","description":"Record how relationships vary between communities and over time, including limits on meaningful choice.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence distinguishes voluntary support from coerced compliance, pragmatic accommodation, or inability to leave?","id":"differentiated-civilian-relationships-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Whose testimony supports claims about recruitment, resource demands, dispute resolution, or resistance?","id":"differentiated-civilian-relationships-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"harm-and-legal-assessment","name":"Harm and legal assessment","description":"Separates documented harm, responsibility claims, and attributed legal assessments.","findings":[{"id":"harm-with-qualified-attribution","name":"Harm with qualified attribution","description":"Record civilian impacts and relevant assessments without deriving legal status from the guerrilla label.","questions":[{"text":"What civilian harms are documented, with what counting methods, uncertainty, and attribution to specific actors?","id":"harm-with-qualified-attribution-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which competent sources assess the applicable legal framework and particular conduct, and what remains unresolved?","id":"harm-with-qualified-attribution-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What humanitarian review or protective response is warranted by the documented impacts?","id":"harm-with-qualified-attribution-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"trajectories-and-evidence","name":"Trajectories and evidence","description":"Tracks changes in the mode of conflict and the reliability of the record used to interpret them.","layers":[{"id":"transitions-and-outcomes","name":"Transitions and outcomes","description":"Records movement between modes of warfare and distinguishes military, political, and humanitarian outcomes.","findings":[{"id":"time-bounded-transition","name":"Time-bounded transition","description":"Treat transition and termination as claims requiring criteria and a specified observation period.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence indicates conventionalisation, fragmentation, demobilisation, or cessation rather than a temporary reduction in reported activity?","id":"time-bounded-transition-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Whose objectives define the claimed outcome, and how do political results differ from military and civilian consequences?","id":"time-bounded-transition-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"source-conflict-and-revision","name":"Source conflict and revision","description":"Preserves competing accounts, reporting gaps, and conditions for revising the assessment.","findings":[{"id":"claim-level-evidence","name":"Claim-level evidence","description":"Attach evidential qualifications to individual claims rather than assigning blanket credibility to a narrative.","questions":[{"text":"Which accounts are independent, which repeat a common source, and which reflect participant claims?","id":"claim-level-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What missing or contradictory evidence would change the classification, responsibility assessment, or claimed outcome?","id":"claim-level-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of guerrilla warfare this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain guerrilla warfare's history and doctrine in general terms with sources.","Describe its humanitarian impact and the law that applies."],"mustNot":["Assist in planning, organizing or supporting armed attacks.","Provide tactics, weapons help or recruitment content.","Glorify attacks on civilians.","Label groups as guerrillas or terrorists without sources."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing analysis that names individuals in armed groups."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Civilians bear the brunt of irregular wars.","Labelling armed groups shapes how people are treated."],"affectedParties":["Civilians","Combatants and prisoners","Displaced people"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a mode of conflict; states and armed groups answer under international law.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q6073630","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q752673","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.guerrilla-warfare","Wikidata: Q80895 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80895)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Classification basis: Named definition, inclusion criteria, competing interpretation, unresolved","Unit and period of assessment: Actor, formation, campaign, or episode; geographic boundary and date interval","Operational mode: Predominantly guerrilla, mixed, predominantly conventional, disputed, insufficient evidence","Political and military affiliation: Documented relationships to political movements, state forces, coalitions, and sponsors","Command cohesion: Centralised, federated, fragmented, changing, unknown; assessment source required","Territorial relationship: Intermittent presence, contested influence, sustained control, mixed, unknown; place and period required","Civilian relationship: Documented support, accommodation, coercion, resistance, mixed relationships, unknown","Reported civilian harm: People killed, injured, missing, or displaced within a stated interval; ranges, sources, and attribution confidence","Evidence confidence: Corroborated, single-source, contested, unverifiable; assessed per claim"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify documented episodes against explicit definitions and retain competing classifications.","Compare changes in an actor's mode of fighting across bounded periods.","Map documented political, military, and civilian relationships without equating association with consent.","Flag disputed responsibility, uncertain territorial claims, and gaps in civilian-harm reporting.","Prepare source-qualified historical or humanitarian summaries.","Identify questions requiring specialist historical or legal review."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Civilian deaths and reprisals.","Long conflicts that displace communities."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, international humanitarian law treaties held by Switzerland as depositary."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The term is used in historical accounts, conflict research and reporting to describe a form of irregular armed conflict.","Analysts examine patterns of dispersed organization and intermittent engagement while distinguishing reported conduct from political labels.","Humanitarian assessments use this context to understand civilian exposure, displacement and difficulties accessing essential services."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q80895: guerrilla warfare","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80895","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Guerrilla warfare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which scholarly and institutional definitions should anchor the model, and where do their inclusion criteria conflict?","What minimum observation period and evidence support a recurring guerrilla pattern rather than isolated irregular activity?","How should mixed guerrilla and conventional activity be represented without imposing an unsupported numerical threshold?","Which methods can distinguish civilian consent, accommodation, and coercion when testimony is constrained or unevenly available?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it instead of creating another model?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q80895/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q80895/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T14:08:32Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","interaction.recognition":"A mode of warfare is an abstract pattern of activity that cannot be reliably identified from visual appearance alone."},"score":1.0}}