{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.polish","code":"thing-q809","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q809/","name":"Polish","alternateNames":["Polish language in Belarus","Polish language in Ukraine","Polish language in Lithuania","Polish language in Poland","Krakow dialect","Polish as a second or foreign language","Biecz dialect","Lwów subdialect","Warsaw dialect","Northern Borderlands dialect","Lesser Polish","Greater Polish"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A West Slavic language of the Lechitic group spoken by about forty million people, the official language of Poland and spoken by communities in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and a worldwide diaspora, written in the Latin alphabet with diacritics, with dialects such as the Krakow dialect and a standard developed from the sixteenth century; Polish is known for its consonant clusters, seven cases and rich literature.","purpose":"Let an agent describe the Polish language and its varieties, support learning and translation, explain status and regulation, and provide history and literature with sources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Lechitic","Seven cases","Latin script","Large diaspora"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Learning Polish.","layers":[{"id":"start","name":"Start","description":"Getting started.","findings":[{"id":"start-finding","name":"Start","description":"Getting started.","questions":[{"text":"How can someone start learning Polish, and which resources and certifications exist?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What are its main grammatical features, such as cases and aspect?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"pronounce","name":"Pronounce","description":"Pronunciation and spelling.","findings":[{"id":"pronounce-finding","name":"Pronounce","description":"Pronunciation.","questions":[{"text":"How are Polish consonant clusters, nasal vowels and diacritics pronounced and spelled?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which transliteration rules apply?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Translation and varieties.","layers":[{"id":"translate","name":"Translate","description":"Translation.","findings":[{"id":"translate-finding","name":"Translate","description":"Translation.","questions":[{"text":"How should this text be translated into or from Polish, with attention to register and formality?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which dictionaries are authoritative?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"varieties","name":"Varieties","description":"Dialects and diaspora.","findings":[{"id":"varieties-finding","name":"Varieties","description":"Varieties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the dialects of Polish, and how is Polish spoken in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and the diaspora?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and policy.","layers":[{"id":"official","name":"Official","description":"Official status.","findings":[{"id":"official-finding","name":"Official","description":"Status.","questions":[{"text":"What is the legal status of Polish in Poland, the EU and neighbouring countries, and what does the Polish Language Act provide?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are minority rights for Polish speakers handled, with positions attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"council","name":"Council","description":"Language planning.","findings":[{"id":"council-finding","name":"Council","description":"Language planning.","questions":[{"text":"Which bodies regulate Polish usage and spelling, and what do they recommend?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are new words handled?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History and literature.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of Polish.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did Polish develop from Old Polish to the modern standard, and which texts are landmarks?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How did partitions and migration affect the language?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","findings":[{"id":"literature-finding","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","questions":[{"text":"What are the major works and authors of Polish literature?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific work?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate, teach and describe Polish, noting cases, aspect and dialect.","Flag uncertain translations of legal or medical texts for human review."],"mustNot":["Present the standard language as the only correct Polish and disparage dialects.","Produce official translations without a sworn translator where one is required.","Present minority language disputes in a partisan way.","Use the language to mock or stereotype Polish speakers."],"requiresHuman":["Relying on machine translation in legal, medical or immigration matters."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Language is part of identity for speakers at home and in the diaspora.","Translation errors can harm people in legal and health settings."],"affectedParties":["Polish speakers","Diaspora communities","Minority communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns a language; its speakers hold it, and the national language council advises on norms.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q742782","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Lechitic","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Slavs","type":"related","note":"West Slavic people"},{"target":"Bulgarian","type":"related","note":"another Slavic language entry"},{"target":"alphabet","type":"related","note":"Latin alphabet with diacritics"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.polish","Wikidata: Q809 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809)","ISO 639-1: pl language code","ISO 639-3: pol language code"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["West Slavic Lechitic language","Latin alphabet with diacritics","Czech and Slovak are West Slavic but not Lechitic","Not physical; spoken and written language in Latin script with diacritics."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["describe the language and its dialects","support learning and translation","explain status and regulation","provide history and literature"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Overgeneralising dialects","Machine translation errors with cases and aspect","Partisan presentation of minority language issues"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Polish Language Act and the Council for the Polish Language","EU official language status","Minority language rights in neighbouring countries"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A West Slavic language.","Standard Polish","regional dialects such as the Krakow dialect","Polish in Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine","diaspora Polish","Polish as a foreign language"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q809: Polish","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Polish language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should dialects be separate entries?","How should dictionaries be linked?","How should minority language issues be attributed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q809/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q809/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T23:11:19Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}