{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.grammar","code":"thing-q8091","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8091/","name":"grammar","alternateNames":["normative grammar","reduced grammar","head grammar","historical grammar","Greenlandic phonology","cognitive approaches to grammar","descriptive grammar","Evenki grammar","phrase structure grammar","Egyptian Arabic grammar","relational grammar","cognitive grammar"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The set of structural rules governing the composition of words, phrases and sentences in a language, including morphology and syntax, and the study or description of those rules, whether descriptive or prescriptive.","purpose":"Let an agent handle grammar by language, component, approach and usage, supporting learners, writers and language technology.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Rules of structure","Language-specific","Descriptive and prescriptive traditions","Changes over time"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"language","name":"Language","description":"Which grammar.","layers":[{"id":"which","name":"Which","description":"Language.","findings":[{"id":"which-finding","name":"Which","description":"Language.","questions":[{"text":"Which language and variety is meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which reference grammar describes it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"component","name":"Component","description":"Area.","findings":[{"id":"component-finding","name":"Component","description":"Grammar area.","questions":[{"text":"Is the question about morphology, syntax or usage?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which rule applies?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"approach","name":"Approach","description":"Descriptive or prescriptive.","layers":[{"id":"descriptive","name":"Descriptive","description":"Usage.","findings":[{"id":"descriptive-finding","name":"Descriptive","description":"Descriptive view.","questions":[{"text":"How do speakers actually use this construction?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does it vary by dialect?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"prescriptive","name":"Prescriptive","description":"Style rules.","findings":[{"id":"prescriptive-finding","name":"Prescriptive","description":"Prescriptive view.","questions":[{"text":"What do style guides or academies recommend?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is it a rule or a preference?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning","name":"Learning","description":"Learners.","layers":[{"id":"explain","name":"Explain","description":"Rules.","findings":[{"id":"explain-finding","name":"Explain","description":"Explanation.","questions":[{"text":"How can this rule be explained with examples?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What exceptions exist?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"errors","name":"Errors","description":"Correction.","findings":[{"id":"errors-finding","name":"Errors","description":"Error correction.","questions":[{"text":"Is this an error or an acceptable variant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should it be corrected?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"technology","name":"Technology","description":"Tools.","layers":[{"id":"checkers","name":"Checkers","description":"Grammar tools.","findings":[{"id":"checkers-finding","name":"Checkers","description":"Grammar checkers.","questions":[{"text":"How reliable is a grammar checker for this issue?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Should a human review it?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"formal","name":"Formal","description":"Computing.","findings":[{"id":"formal-finding","name":"Formal","description":"Formal grammars.","questions":[{"text":"Is a formal grammar for parsing meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the grammar of a language from reference grammars and corpora, naming the variety described.","Check and suggest corrections to a text when its author asks for it."],"mustNot":["Present the grammar of one prestige variety as the only correct form of a language.","Judge a person's intelligence, education or worth from their grammar.","Silently change the meaning of a text while correcting its grammar.","Invent grammatical rules or examples for a language it has no reliable sources on."],"requiresHuman":["Grading or rejecting a person's work, application or test on the basis of grammar."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Dialect and second-language grammar are often stigmatised, which feeds discrimination in schools and jobs.","Grammar descriptions of endangered languages carry the authority of a community's heritage."],"affectedParties":["Speakers of non-standard varieties","Language learners","Speech communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns grammar; speech communities shape it and language academies or reference grammars describe it where they exist.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q367293","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q8162","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"linguistics and convention","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"syntax and morphology","type":"related","note":"parts"},{"target":"reference grammar","type":"related","note":"source"},{"target":"inflection and transitivity","type":"related","note":"topics"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.grammar","Wikidata: Q8091 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Morphology and syntax","Reference grammars and style guides","Formal grammars in computing are a related sense","Not physical; described in grammars, textbooks and style guides."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain grammar rules of a language","distinguish descriptive and prescriptive views","correct errors with explanations","find reference grammars"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting prescriptive preferences as universal rules","Ignoring dialect variation"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Language academies in some countries"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Understanding and using language correctly and clearly.","descriptive grammar","prescriptive grammar","historical grammar","generative and cognitive approaches","formal grammars (computing)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q8091: grammar","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Grammar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should grammars per language be separate entries?","How should reference grammars be linked?","How should formal grammars be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8091/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8091/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T10:31:22Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}