{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.telugu","code":"thing-q8097","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8097/","name":"Telugu","alternateNames":["Hindu joint family","Manna-Dora"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Telugu is a South-Central Dravidian language (ISO 639-3 tel) of the eastern Deccan, written in the Telugu abugida (ISO 15924 Telu), used as the majority first language and a scheduled official language of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, with a continuous record from early-medieval inscriptions through a modern standard based on coastal dialects.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise Telugu language use, assess whether its interpretation is reliable, and choose appropriate transcription, translation, localisation or review actions.","scope":{"in":["Evidence that speech or text is Telugu, including mixed-language and romanised material","Telugu variety, register and audience requirements relevant to interpretation","Writing and pronunciation distinctions that affect Telugu meaning","Telugu grammatical, lexical and contextual interpretation","Readiness and limitations for Telugu transcription, translation and localisation"],"out":["Telugu people, ethnic identity and individual speaker biographies","The Telugu script as an independent writing system with its complete character inventory","Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and other geographic or administrative entities","Physical manuscripts, books, recordings and storage devices as objects","Individual literary works, films and their intellectual property records","Language-processing software and datasets as independently managed products"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Check whether the referent is a language rather than a person, community or physical artefact; the registry name alone does not resolve this boundary.","Use language identifiers te and tel as supporting metadata, then check the actual content rather than treating its label as conclusive. These identifiers designate Telugu in the [Library of Congress language-code listing](https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes-keyword.php?SearchTerm=te&SearchType=iso_639_1).","Distinguish Telugu-script recognition from Telugu-language recognition: require lexical or grammatical evidence, especially for quotations, names and very short strings.","For confusion with Kannada, inspect character identity and linguistic evidence rather than rounded glyph appearance; Unicode explicitly notes similarities in script rendering. [Unicode Telugu script description](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/core-spec/chapter-12/)","For Latin-script material, test whether the sequence admits a supported Telugu reading and whether surrounding language confirms it; Latin letters alone neither establish nor exclude Telugu."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"telugu-identity-and-boundaries","name":"Telugu identity and boundaries","description":"Establish what Telugu denotes in this entry and what supports an identification of Telugu usage.","layers":[{"id":"registry-referent","name":"Registry referent","description":"Separate the intended registered thing from its script, speakers and physical manifestations.","findings":[{"id":"intended-telugu-referent","name":"Intended Telugu referent","description":"Record the evidence for interpreting this entry as a language and preserve the unresolved classification conflict.","questions":[{"text":"Does the originating registry record mean the Telugu language, a Telugu person, the script or another referent?","id":"intended-telugu-referent-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does an existing world model already own that same concept and therefore require this entry to link to it?","id":"intended-telugu-referent-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"language-recognition","name":"Language recognition","description":"Evaluate Telugu identity at the level of the actual speech or text.","findings":[{"id":"telugu-identification-basis","name":"Telugu identification basis","description":"Record linguistic evidence separately from language tags, script detection and source labels.","questions":[{"text":"Which words, constructions or contextual evidence support Telugu rather than Kannada, another language or an isolated proper name?","id":"telugu-identification-basis-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What additional context or competent review would resolve a short, romanised or conflicting sample?","id":"telugu-identification-basis-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"telugu-variety-and-social-use","name":"Telugu variety and social use","description":"Capture the variety and communicative setting needed to interpret or produce suitable Telugu.","layers":[{"id":"variety-evidence","name":"Variety evidence","description":"Attribute regional, social or historical usage only as far as the evidence supports.","findings":[{"id":"supported-variety-attribution","name":"Supported variety attribution","description":"Record the provenance of a Telugu variety label and the observed forms supporting it.","questions":[{"text":"Which source or speaker description supports the proposed Telugu variety, and which features occur in the sample?","id":"supported-variety-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Could the apparent regional difference instead reflect register, personal usage, historical spelling or transcription error?","id":"supported-variety-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"register-and-audience","name":"Register and audience","description":"Connect Telugu expression choices to the intended audience and relationship between participants.","findings":[{"id":"address-and-style-fit","name":"Address and style fit","description":"Record conversational, formal or literary expectations and the address choices that must be preserved.","questions":[{"text":"Which Telugu pronouns, titles and verb forms signal the intended familiarity, respect or number of addressees?","id":"address-and-style-fit-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Should the agent preserve the original register or adapt it to a specified audience, and who establishes that target?","id":"address-and-style-fit-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"telugu-writing-and-speech","name":"Telugu writing and speech","description":"Preserve distinctions when Telugu moves between speech, script and romanisation.","layers":[{"id":"script-and-text-integrity","name":"Script and text integrity","description":"Assess whether the written representation preserves the intended Telugu sequence.","findings":[{"id":"telugu-character-sequence-integrity","name":"Telugu character sequence integrity","description":"Check vowel signs, virama and consonant combinations when diagnosing text corruption; Telugu rendering requires interpretation of character sequences. [Unicode Telugu script description](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/core-spec/chapter-12/)","questions":[{"text":"Does the underlying Telugu character sequence support the displayed reading, or has OCR, encoding or font shaping altered it?","id":"telugu-character-sequence-integrity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which repairs can be supported by the original image or source text while retaining the unrepaired original?","id":"telugu-character-sequence-integrity-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"sound-and-romanisation","name":"Sound and romanisation","description":"Identify what a speech transcription or Latin-script representation preserves and loses.","findings":[{"id":"recoverable-telugu-distinctions","name":"Recoverable Telugu distinctions","description":"Record the transcription convention and unresolved sound-to-letter alternatives; a published reference option is the [ALA-LC Telugu romanisation table](https://loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/telugu.pdf).","questions":[{"text":"Is the Latin text governed by a named Telugu romanisation scheme or by informal spelling, and which distinctions does it leave ambiguous?","id":"recoverable-telugu-distinctions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which uncertain vowels or consonants require audio, context or speaker confirmation before converting the sample to Telugu script?","id":"recoverable-telugu-distinctions-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"telugu-meaning-and-language-mixing","name":"Telugu meaning and language mixing","description":"Resolve the grammatical and lexical evidence required to interpret Telugu utterances.","layers":[{"id":"grammatical-interpretation","name":"Grammatical interpretation","description":"Make consequential interpretations traceable to Telugu forms and their context.","findings":[{"id":"participants-and-predicate-meaning","name":"Participants and predicate meaning","description":"Record how word forms, suffixes and context support participant roles, negation and the interpretation of the predicate.","questions":[{"text":"Which Telugu forms establish who acts, who is affected and whether the statement is negated, questioned or requested?","id":"participants-and-predicate-meaning-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which omitted participants or ambiguous forms require surrounding discourse before the agent can act on the utterance?","id":"participants-and-predicate-meaning-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"lexical-and-mixed-language-reading","name":"Lexical and mixed-language reading","description":"Interpret Telugu vocabulary alongside names, borrowed terms and language switches.","findings":[{"id":"telugu-span-and-term-treatment","name":"Telugu span and term treatment","description":"Record supported meanings and language boundaries without assuming every unfamiliar expression is foreign or erroneous.","questions":[{"text":"Is the disputed expression Telugu vocabulary, a proper name, a borrowed term or a switch into another language, and what evidence supports that reading?","id":"telugu-span-and-term-treatment-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Should each name or technical term be retained, transliterated or translated for the specified Telugu audience?","id":"telugu-span-and-term-treatment-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"telugu-task-readiness","name":"Telugu task readiness","description":"Determine which language operations are supported by the available evidence and validation.","layers":[{"id":"operation-selection","name":"Operation selection","description":"Match the requested transformation to the Telugu material and its unresolved distinctions.","findings":[{"id":"supported-transformation","name":"Supported transformation","description":"Record whether transcription, transliteration, translation or register adaptation can meet the requested fidelity.","questions":[{"text":"Which Telugu operation is requested, and must it preserve wording, pronunciation, meaning, address conventions or literary form?","id":"supported-transformation-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which ambiguities in the source prevent a unique output and must be retained as alternatives?","id":"supported-transformation-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"validation-and-review","name":"Validation and review","description":"Assess output quality against relevant Telugu examples and competent judgments.","findings":[{"id":"telugu-output-acceptability","name":"Telugu output acceptability","description":"Record task-specific errors, variety coverage and review findings before treating an output as ready for use.","questions":[{"text":"On representative Telugu samples, how often does the process alter names, negation, participant roles, address conventions or recoverable character distinctions?","id":"telugu-output-acceptability-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which unresolved errors require a reviewer competent in the relevant Telugu variety and subject before the result is used?","id":"telugu-output-acceptability-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Telugu this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate, transliterate and process Telugu text using the standard script encoding.","Answer users in Telugu when they ask, and say when quality may be limited."],"mustNot":["Present machine translation of Telugu as certified when it has not been checked.","Treat dialects or registers as incorrect Telugu.","Mix up Telugu with other Dravidian languages or scripts.","Mock speakers for their accent or variety."],"requiresHuman":["Using automated Telugu translation for legal, medical or official documents."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Language is identity; poor tools leave speakers out of services.","Major languages of the global south are often underserved by technology."],"affectedParties":["Telugu speakers","Translators","Learners"]},"owners":{"steward":"The community of its speakers; state language bodies promote its official use.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["International language code registry"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q33311","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.telugu","Wikidata: Q8097 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8097)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Referent interpretation: Telugu language; Telugu script; community reference; physical artefact reference; unresolved","Language identification evidence: Confirmed by competent review; supported by contextual evidence; tentative; conflicting; insufficient","Representation: Speech; Telugu-script text; scheme-based romanisation; informal romanisation; mixed representation","Variety attribution: Relation to an evidenced regional, social or historical Telugu variety, with source and uncertainty","Register and address: Conversational; formal written; literary; technical; mixed; unknown, with observed address conventions","Language mixing: Links from identified spans to Telugu or another evidenced language; ambiguous spans retained","Representation integrity: Verified; suspected OCR error; suspected encoding or shaping error; uncertain transcription; incomplete","Task-specific validation: Error count or rate on a named Telugu task and reference set, with segmentation method and variety coverage"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Written Telugu commonly uses rounded letterforms with loops and curved strokes rather than a continuous horizontal headline.","Dependent vowel signs appear around consonant letters, while additional consonant forms may occur below them.","Telugu letterforms can resemble Kannada, so reliable identification requires checking characteristic letters or recognizable words."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify Telugu-bearing spans and retain uncertainty where script, metadata and linguistic evidence disagree.","Transcribe Telugu speech while preserving uncertain sounds, names and language switches.","Convert Telugu script and romanisation using a declared scheme and flag distinctions that cannot be recovered.","Translate Telugu content while preserving negation, participant roles, address conventions and unresolved ambiguity.","Adapt Telugu wording to an evidenced audience, variety and register.","Diagnose Telugu text corruption and route uncertain or consequential interpretations to competent review."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Telugu with a visually similar script can route text to the wrong recognition or translation system.","Poor handling of vowel signs and consonant combinations can corrupt names, instructions or records.","Dialect and register mismatches can distort meaning or make public information difficult to understand.","Unreviewed translations in consequential settings can misrepresent obligations, warnings or consent."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 639-3, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, assigns the language identifier tel to Telugu.","ISO 15924, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, assigns the script identifier Telu to the Telugu writing system."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Telugu is used in everyday communication, education, literature, broadcasting and public services in South India, especially Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.","Diaspora communities also use it in family life, cultural activities and digital communication.","Translation, transcription and language technology tasks require attention to dialect, register and the distinction between spoken language and writing system."]}},"sources":[{"title":"The Dravidian Languages - Cambridge University Press (Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, 2003)","url":"","note":"Genetic classification as South-Central Dravidian, historical stages, phonology, morphology, and the literary/spoken split."},{"title":"Census of India 2011, Language (Paper 1 of 2018) - Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India","url":"","note":"First-language speaker count in India and rank among Indian languages."},{"title":"ISO 639-3 code tel (Telugu) - SIL International","url":"https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tel","note":"Stable language identifier te/tel and distinction from related Dravidian codes."},{"title":"Unicode Telugu chart (U+0C00-U+0C7F) - Unicode Consortium","url":"https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf","note":"Script identity, block range, and encoded character inventory."},{"title":"Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule - Government of India","url":"","note":"Scheduled-language status of Telugu in the Union."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q8097: Telugu","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8097","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Telugu language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.telugu intentionally denote the Telugu language, and what explains its PHY / PHY.OBJ classification?","Does an existing Vercy world model already cover the intended concept and require a registry link instead of a separate publication?","Which regional, social and historical Telugu varieties must the first researched model cover, and which sources establish their boundaries?","Which authorities and audience-specific conventions should govern Telugu spelling, romanisation, terminology and register adaptation?","What representative Telugu evaluation material and acceptance criteria are available for speech, script, informal romanisation and mixed-language processing?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8097/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8097/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-06T20:39:09Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 4 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}