{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.yen","code":"thing-q8146","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8146/","name":"yen","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.QTY"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The official currency of Japan (JPY), issued by the Bank of Japan as banknotes and by the Japanese government as coins; one of the most traded currencies in the world.","purpose":"Let an agent handle the yen by denominations, exchange, payment practices and history, without financial or investment advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Currency of Japan","No subunit in everyday use","Widely traded","New note series issued in 2024"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"money","name":"Money","description":"Notes and coins.","layers":[{"id":"denominations","name":"Denominations","description":"Notes and coins.","findings":[{"id":"denominations-finding","name":"Denominations","description":"Denominations.","questions":[{"text":"Which notes and coins are in circulation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who appears on the current notes?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"security","name":"Security","description":"Genuine notes.","findings":[{"id":"security-finding","name":"Security","description":"Security features.","questions":[{"text":"Which security features does the Bank of Japan describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What should someone do with a suspected counterfeit?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"exchange","name":"Exchange","description":"Rates.","layers":[{"id":"rate","name":"Rate","description":"Reference rates.","findings":[{"id":"rate-finding","name":"Rate","description":"Exchange rate.","questions":[{"text":"What is the current reference rate, and from which official source?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"When was it published?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"fees","name":"Fees","description":"Costs.","findings":[{"id":"fees-finding","name":"Fees","description":"Exchange costs.","questions":[{"text":"What fees or margins apply to exchanging money?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How can they be compared?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"travel","name":"Travel","description":"Paying in Japan.","layers":[{"id":"payments","name":"Payments","description":"Cash and cards.","findings":[{"id":"payments-finding","name":"Payments","description":"Payment practices.","questions":[{"text":"Which payment methods are widely accepted in Japan?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where can foreign cards withdraw cash?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"tipping","name":"Tipping","description":"Customs.","findings":[{"id":"tipping-finding","name":"Tipping","description":"Customs.","questions":[{"text":"What customs apply to tipping and handling money in Japan?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources describe them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"limits","name":"Limits","description":"Advice.","layers":[{"id":"advice","name":"Advice","description":"Trading.","findings":[{"id":"advice-finding","name":"Advice","description":"Advice limit.","questions":[{"text":"Is the user asking whether to buy or sell yen?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should they be referred to a licensed adviser?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Currency history.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"When was the yen introduced and how has it changed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources document it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report exchange rates and prices in yen, citing the source and time.","Convert amounts to and from yen for information, stating the rate used."],"mustNot":["Execute trades or transfers in yen on someone's behalf without their authorization.","Make, pass or help make counterfeit yen banknotes or coins.","Present a forecast of the yen's rate as certain or as personal investment advice.","Help move money in yen to evade sanctions, tax or anti-money-laundering rules."],"requiresHuman":["Any payment, exchange or trade in yen.","Reporting a suspected counterfeit note or coin to the authorities."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Currency moves affect savings, prices and wages for millions of people.","Trust in money depends on protection against counterfeiting and fraud."],"affectedParties":["People in Japan who earn and save in yen","Traders and travellers","Businesses paid in yen"]},"owners":{"steward":"The Bank of Japan issues banknotes and the Japanese government issues coins.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Bank of Japan records of currency in circulation"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q25530138","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"currency","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"Bank of Japan","type":"related","note":"issuer"},{"target":"Japan","type":"related","note":"country"},{"target":"yuan and won","type":"related","note":"related currency names"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.yen","Wikidata: Q8146 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8146)","ISO 4217: JPY (392) currency code"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Symbol and ISO code JPY","Bank of Japan notes","The Chinese yuan is a different currency with a related name","Banknotes of 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 yen; coins from 1 to 500 yen."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify notes and coins","find official exchange rate references","understand payment practices in Japan","check security features of notes"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving investment or trading advice","Outdated exchange rates","Counterfeit notes"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 4217","Bank of Japan Act","Anti-money-laundering rules for exchange"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Payments in Japan and international trade and finance.","banknotes","coins","commemorative coins","historical series"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q8146: yen","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8146","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Japanese yen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_yen","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should note series be separate entries?","How should exchange rates be sourced?","How should historical currencies be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8146/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8146/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T10:00:33Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}