{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.cyrillic-script","code":"thing-q8209","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8209/","name":"Cyrillic script","alternateNames":["Ukrainian alphabet","Lemko alphabet","Rusyn alphabet","Poljičica","Bulgarian alphabet","Russian alphabet","Macedonian alphabet","Early Cyrillic alphabet","Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet","Serbian Cyrillic alphabet","Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet","Evenki alphabet"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the late ninth century on the basis of Greek uncial letters and the earlier Glagolitic script, named after Saint Cyril, and used today for Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Rusyn, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Mongolian and many other languages through national alphabets that share a core of letters and add language-specific ones; Cyrillic is an official script of the European Union and is encoded in Unicode.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the Cyrillic script and its history, describe national alphabets and their differences, relay encoding and transliteration standards, and distinguish the script from the languages and alphabets that use it.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Greek-derived letterforms","Many national variants","Civil script reform under Peter I","Unicode encoding"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What Cyrillic is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Script and alphabets.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is the Cyrillic script, and how do national alphabets differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the script, a national alphabet or a language?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"letters","name":"Letters","description":"Letters and sounds.","findings":[{"id":"letters-finding","name":"Letters","description":"Letters.","questions":[{"text":"What letters exist, and how do they map to sounds in different languages?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific alphabet?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Encoding and transliteration.","layers":[{"id":"encoding","name":"Encoding","description":"Encoding.","findings":[{"id":"encoding-finding","name":"Encoding","description":"Encoding.","questions":[{"text":"How is Cyrillic encoded in Unicode, and what legacy encodings existed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"transliteration","name":"Transliteration","description":"Transliteration.","findings":[{"id":"transliteration-finding","name":"Transliteration","description":"Transliteration.","questions":[{"text":"What transliteration systems exist, and how do they differ?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific system?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","findings":[{"id":"origins-finding","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","questions":[{"text":"How did Cyrillic originate in Bulgaria, and how does it relate to Glagolitic and Cyril and Methodius, as scholars describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"reforms","name":"Reforms","description":"Reforms and spread.","findings":[{"id":"reforms-finding","name":"Reforms","description":"Reforms.","questions":[{"text":"How did reforms such as the civil script and 1918 Russian reform, and Soviet alphabet policies, shape Cyrillic use?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific reform?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Politics and typography.","layers":[{"id":"politics","name":"Politics","description":"Script politics.","findings":[{"id":"politics-finding","name":"Politics","description":"Politics.","questions":[{"text":"What debates exist about switching between Cyrillic and Latin, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"typography","name":"Typography","description":"Typography.","findings":[{"id":"typography-finding","name":"Typography","description":"Typography.","questions":[{"text":"How does Cyrillic typography differ, including italic forms and regional letter shapes?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits typography?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Render, transliterate and compare Cyrillic alphabets for the languages that use them.","Explain the script's history and its national variants."],"mustNot":["Apply one language's Cyrillic letters or spelling rules to another.","Transliterate a personal name or place name against the form the person or state uses.","Convert text in a way that loses letters and changes meaning.","Treat the script as belonging to one nation alone."],"requiresHuman":["Choosing the official transliteration of names in documents or maps."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Script and spelling choices are political in several states and touch national identity.","Mistransliterated names cause real problems with documents and travel."],"affectedParties":["Users of Cyrillic languages","People whose names are transliterated","Minority language communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a writing system held in common; state language bodies set national norms.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Standards bodies publishing transliteration tables"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q29517555","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"natural writing system","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Greek alphabet","type":"related","note":"and Glagolitic"},{"target":"Russian language","type":"related","note":"among many"},{"target":"Unicode","type":"related","note":"the Cyrillic blocks"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.cyrillic-script","Wikidata: Q8209 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8209)","ISO 15924: Cyrl","Unicode block: U+0400 to U+04FF and extensions"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["origin: about 893 year - Preslav Literary School","users: about 250 million people - estimates"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Alphabet derived from Greek and Glagolitic","Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Rusyn, Lemko and other alphabets","Glagolitic is the earlier Slavic script; Latin alphabets of Slavic languages are separate","Upright letters derived from Greek uncials, with distinctive forms such as Zh, Sh and Ya."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the script and history","describe national alphabets","relay encoding and transliteration","distinguish script from alphabets"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing script with language","Transliteration inconsistencies","Politicised script changes such as Latinisation debates","Homoglyph confusion with Latin letters"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 9 transliteration standard","National orthography rules","Unicode standard","EU official script status"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Writing languages across Eastern Europe and Central and North Asia.","Early Cyrillic and Church Slavonic","Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian alphabets","Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian alphabets","Rusyn and Lemko alphabets","historical variants such as Poljicica in Croatia","Cyrillic alphabets for non-Slavic languages such as Kazakh and Mongolian"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q8209: Cyrillic script","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8209","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Cyrillic script","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each national alphabet be a separate entry?","How should transliteration standards be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming national alphabets; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q8209/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q8209/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T00:25:55Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:02+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}