{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.circumcision","code":"thing-q83345","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q83345/","name":"circumcision","alternateNames":["circumcision in Africa","Unicirc","forced circumcision","partial circumcision","religious male circumcision","circumcision in Madagascar"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis, performed for religious, cultural or medical reasons, from infancy to adulthood.","purpose":"Let an agent explain male circumcision factually: its religious and cultural contexts, medical uses and evidence, ethical debates and legal status, without giving individual medical advice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Refers to the removal of the male foreskin.","Distinct from female genital mutilation, which the WHO treats as a human rights violation with no health benefits.","Medical circumcision is done by trained providers with anaesthesia and sterile technique."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"What the procedure is.","layers":[{"id":"procedure","name":"Procedure","description":"What is removed and how, in general.","findings":[{"id":"description","name":"Description","description":"General description without technique.","questions":[{"text":"What does the procedure remove?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who performs it in this context?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"age-and-setting","name":"Age and setting","description":"Neonatal, child, adult.","findings":[{"id":"setting","name":"Setting","description":"Age, provider and setting.","questions":[{"text":"At what age and in what setting is it done?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is a trained clinician involved?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Why it is done.","layers":[{"id":"religion-and-culture","name":"Religion and culture","description":"Religious rites and traditions.","findings":[{"id":"religious-context","name":"Religious context","description":"Community and meaning.","questions":[{"text":"Which tradition does this concern?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What meaning does it have there?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"medical-reasons","name":"Medical reasons","description":"Indications and prevention.","findings":[{"id":"medical-indication","name":"Medical indication","description":"Conditions such as symptomatic pathological phimosis or recurrent balanitis; normal childhood non-retractability is not a disease.","questions":[{"text":"For which medical reasons is it performed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which authority recommends it, for whom?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-risks","name":"Evidence and risks","description":"Benefits and harms.","layers":[{"id":"evidence","name":"Evidence","description":"Studies and positions.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-summary","name":"Evidence summary","description":"Findings and sources.","questions":[{"text":"What do health authorities state about benefits?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"In which populations does the evidence apply?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"complications","name":"Complications","description":"Risks.","findings":[{"id":"complications","name":"Complications","description":"Types and frequency.","questions":[{"text":"Which complications are reported?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How does the setting affect the risk?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"ethics-and-law","name":"Ethics and law","description":"Debates and rules.","layers":[{"id":"ethics","name":"Ethics","description":"Consent and rights.","findings":[{"id":"ethical-debate","name":"Ethical debate","description":"Informed consent, parental permission and a child's assent, by age, capacity and jurisdiction.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main ethical positions?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who holds them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Legal status by jurisdiction.","findings":[{"id":"legal-rules","name":"Legal rules","description":"Laws and guidance.","questions":[{"text":"What does the law of this jurisdiction say?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who may perform it lawfully?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain contexts, evidence and positions with sources"],"mustNot":["give instructions for performing the procedure","advise a person or family for or against it","disparage religious communities"],"requiresHuman":["any individual decision, which belongs with the person or family and a qualified clinician"]},"ethics":{"considerations":["bodily integrity and consent of children","religious freedom","safety of traditional practices"],"affectedParties":["children and men","families and religious communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody; a procedure governed by medical practice and law","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q23009442","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3309852","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q796194","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"surgical procedure","type":"related","note":"minor surgery"},{"target":"female genital mutilation","type":"related","note":"a different practice condemned internationally"},{"target":"HIV prevention","type":"related","note":"WHO-recommended in some settings"},{"target":"religious rite","type":"related","note":"in Judaism and Islam"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.circumcision","Wikidata: Q83345 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83345)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Not a topic for visual identification"]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain religious and cultural contexts","summarise health authority positions with sources","explain the ethical debate around consent","state legal rules in a jurisdiction from sources"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Bleeding, infection and surgical complications, more likely when done without trained providers","Disputes over consent of minors"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["WHO and UNAIDS recommendations on voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention","National laws and professional guidance on circumcision of minors"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Religious observance and cultural tradition, treatment of some medical conditions, and since 2007 part of WHO and UNAIDS combination HIV prevention in generalized heterosexual epidemics, where it gives partial protection to men.","neonatal circumcision","religious circumcision (Jewish brit milah, Islamic khitan)","voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention","therapeutic circumcision for medical conditions","adult circumcision"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Q83345","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83345","note":"identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks"},{"title":"Circumcision","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision","note":"general description of the subject"},{"title":"Circumcision","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/circumcision/","note":"medical reasons and risks"},{"title":"Preventing HIV through safe voluntary medical male circumcision for adolescent boys and men in generalized HIV epidemics","url":"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978-92-4-000854-0","note":"WHO recommendation"},{"title":"Female genital mutilation","url":"https://www.who.int/health-topics/female-genital-mutilation","note":"distinction from FGM"}],"openQuestions":["The registry merges regional articles and devices (such as circumcision devices); which deserve separate entries?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q83345/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q83345/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-21T19:23:32Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-21T19:30:26+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 5 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"A procedure has no physical properties of its own."},"score":1.0}}