{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.thumb","code":"thing-q83360","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q83360/","name":"thumb","alternateNames":["adult thumb","juvenile thumb","opposable thumb","right thumb","left thumb"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The thumb (pollex; digitus I of the manus) is the radial-most digital ray of the primate hand, distinguished in humans by two phalanges, a saddle-shaped trapeziometacarpal joint, and thenar musculature that together permit palmar abduction, pronation and opposition to the other digits.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise a thumb, record its structure and functional state, and judge which interactions require adaptation, protection or further assessment.","scope":{"in":["Thumb identity, laterality and attachment to a particular hand","Present anatomical structures, including congenital variation, injury and reconstruction","Thumb movement, opposition, sensation and task-specific control","Local tissue condition, symptoms and changes over time","Thumb participation in pinch, grasp and interaction with tools or controls"],"out":["Whole-hand coordination and the condition of other digits","Wrist, forearm and proximal limb anatomy except as contextual relationships","Person-wide disease, treatment plans and clinical diagnoses","Prosthetic thumbs, robotic grippers and their mechanical specifications","Gloves, splints, tools and interface controls as independently modelled objects"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Identify it by first-digit position and attachment within the hand; size or apparent opposability alone does not establish thumb identity.","Distinguish it from a great toe by its attachment to a hand rather than a foot; a transferred toe requires reconstruction history to describe its current role.","Check whether movement brings its pad toward the fingers or palm, while recognising that absent opposition does not rule out an injured or atypical thumb.","Use the typical human pattern of two phalanges and a distinct metacarpal as supporting anatomical evidence, allowing for congenital variation and missing structures.","Distinguish living thumb tissue from a prosthetic replacement or cosmetic extension, recording their relationship when both are present."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"thumb-identity-and-configuration","name":"Thumb identity and configuration","description":"Establishes which thumb is being modelled and which anatomical structures it contains.","layers":[{"id":"hand-attachment","name":"Hand attachment","description":"Locates the digit within a particular hand and resolves ambiguous identity.","findings":[{"id":"first-digit-identification","name":"First-digit identification","description":"Records the evidence that this structure is the hand's thumb and identifies its side.","questions":[{"text":"Which hand and side does this thumb belong to, and what establishes its first-digit identity?","id":"first-digit-identification-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does atypical anatomy or reconstruction make the boundary between thumb, another digit and replacement uncertain?","id":"first-digit-identification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"structural-configuration","name":"Structural configuration","description":"Describes present thumb segments, joints and structural history.","findings":[{"id":"present-segments-and-joints","name":"Present segments and joints","description":"Records actual anatomy and separates observed structures from presumed typical anatomy.","questions":[{"text":"Which thumb segments and joints are present, absent, fused, duplicated or reconstructed?","id":"present-segments-and-joints-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which observations or records establish whether this configuration is congenital, acquired or reconstructed?","id":"present-segments-and-joints-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"thumb-motion-and-opposition","name":"Thumb motion and opposition","description":"Captures joint movement and the ability to position the thumb for contact.","layers":[{"id":"joint-specific-motion","name":"Joint-specific motion","description":"Separates movement at the thumb base, metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint where present.","findings":[{"id":"available-movement","name":"Available movement","description":"Records movement by joint, direction and assessment conditions.","questions":[{"text":"What active or professionally assessed passive movement is recorded at each present thumb joint?","id":"available-movement-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which posture, method, symptoms or compensating hand movements affected the measurement?","id":"available-movement-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"opposition-and-contact-reach","name":"Opposition and contact reach","description":"Records thumb-pad positioning relative to the fingers, palm and task targets.","findings":[{"id":"reachable-contact-targets","name":"Reachable contact targets","description":"Distinguishes touching a target from achieving the contact orientation needed for use.","questions":[{"text":"Which finger or palm targets can the thumb reach, and which thumb surface makes contact?","id":"reachable-contact-targets-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the required contact depend on assistance or compensating movement elsewhere in the hand?","id":"reachable-contact-targets-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"thumb-contact-and-control","name":"Thumb contact and control","description":"Connects thumb sensation and force control to pinch and grasp.","layers":[{"id":"thumb-sensation","name":"Thumb sensation","description":"Locates sensory observations on the thumb's contact and non-contact surfaces.","findings":[{"id":"regional-sensory-response","name":"Regional sensory response","description":"Records sensory evidence without inferring a nerve diagnosis from symptoms alone.","questions":[{"text":"What sensory responses or reported alterations are recorded at the pad, tip and other specified thumb regions?","id":"regional-sensory-response-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Were these responses self-reported or assessed using a named method, and when?","id":"regional-sensory-response-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"pinch-and-grasp-contribution","name":"Pinch and grasp contribution","description":"Records thumb performance as one participant in a coordinated hand action.","findings":[{"id":"task-specific-contact-control","name":"Task-specific contact control","description":"Captures force, slip, release and symptom response for a specified contact pattern.","questions":[{"text":"For the specified pinch or grasp, what force, contact stability and controlled release were demonstrated?","id":"task-specific-contact-control-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which opposing digits, object properties and hand posture contributed to that result?","id":"task-specific-contact-control-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"thumb-condition-and-change","name":"Thumb condition and change","description":"Records local tissue observations, symptoms and their trajectory.","layers":[{"id":"thumb-tissue-observations","name":"Thumb tissue observations","description":"Locates observations at the nail, tip, pad, joints and base.","findings":[{"id":"local-tissue-state","name":"Local tissue state","description":"Captures visible or assessed abnormalities while keeping interpretation separate from observation.","questions":[{"text":"Where are skin breaks, swelling, nail changes, colour changes or other tissue observations located?","id":"local-tissue-state-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which observations have been directly assessed, and which remain reports or uncertain image interpretations?","id":"local-tissue-state-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"symptoms-and-trajectory","name":"Symptoms and trajectory","description":"Relates thumb symptoms and functional changes to time and activity.","findings":[{"id":"change-from-thumb-baseline","name":"Change from thumb baseline","description":"Records onset, persistence and departure from the person's previous thumb state.","questions":[{"text":"What changed in thumb pain, sensation, movement or usable contact, and over what interval?","id":"change-from-thumb-baseline-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What activity or event preceded the change, and is that association reported or independently documented?","id":"change-from-thumb-baseline-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"thumb-use-and-protection","name":"Thumb use and protection","description":"Connects recorded capability to task demands, adaptations and established restrictions.","layers":[{"id":"task-demand-fit","name":"Task demand fit","description":"Compares a task's thumb reach, contact, force and repetition demands with demonstrated performance.","findings":[{"id":"thumb-task-compatibility","name":"Thumb task compatibility","description":"Records whether a particular interaction is achievable and what adaptation it needs.","questions":[{"text":"What thumb position, contact surface, force and repetition does the proposed task require?","id":"thumb-task-compatibility-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which demonstrated adaptation makes the task achievable within recorded tolerance and restrictions?","id":"thumb-task-compatibility-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"protection-and-assessment-limits","name":"Protection and assessment limits","description":"Records protective arrangements and the authority behind limits on thumb loading or movement.","findings":[{"id":"supported-use-boundaries","name":"Supported use boundaries","description":"Separates demonstrated capability from permission to increase demands or alter protective arrangements.","questions":[{"text":"What current restrictions or protective measures apply specifically to this thumb, and who established them?","id":"supported-use-boundaries-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What missing assessment or unresolved change prevents a justified decision about the proposed thumb use?","id":"supported-use-boundaries-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the thumb's structure and function in general anatomy information.","Share imaging findings only with the person and their care team."],"mustNot":["Diagnose a thumb injury in place of a clinician.","Use a person's thumbprint for identification without consent or legal basis.","Disclose a person's injury or imaging without consent."],"requiresHuman":["Any treatment decision for a thumb injury."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Loss of thumb function greatly affects independence and work.","Thumbprints are biometric data that need protection."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Manual workers","People whose fingerprints are collected"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person whose body it is; clinicians answer for care and records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q112826975","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q620207","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.thumb","Wikidata: Q83360 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hand attachment and laterality: Linked hand; left, right, other or unresolved","Anatomical configuration: Present segments and joints; congenital variation, acquired loss, reconstruction or unresolved","Joint movement: Degrees by named joint and movement; active or passive; method and position recorded","Opposition performance: Named contact targets reached, or score under an explicitly identified protocol","Pinch performance: Force in N with pinch type, instrument, posture and symptom response","Sensory response: Response by thumb region and named sensory test; reported, observed or unassessed","Local tissue condition: Skin, nail and deeper-tissue observations with location, time and assessment method","Symptoms during use: Symptom type, location, severity under a named scale, provoking activity and duration","Task participation: Linked task and contact role; independent, adapted, assisted, unable or unassessed"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["The short, thick first digit set apart from the fingers.","Two finger bones and the ability to touch the fingertips."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify and track the same thumb across observations, images and assessments.","Record demonstrated opposition, movement and contact patterns under documented conditions.","Assess its contribution to a specified pinch, grasp or control operation.","Select interface or tool-use adaptations based on observed reach, contact and tolerance.","Record protective measures and externally established restrictions affecting thumb use.","Flag changes or missing evidence that require qualified assessment before increasing demands."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ligament injuries that make the thumb unstable.","Arthritis at the base joint."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica, Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT)."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The thumb participates in everyday hand activities such as grasping tools, holding containers, fastening clothing and manipulating small objects.","Its ability to oppose the other fingers supports precision handling and stable grips, making its function relevant to ergonomics, rehabilitation and assistive device design."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Thumb (Encyclopædia article), Wikipedia / Wikimedia Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumb","note":"Common-name identity, two-phalanx structure, opposition, and distinction from other digits."},{"title":"thumb (Q83360), Wikidata / Wikimedia Foundation","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360","note":"Stable public identifier and cross-links into anatomical nomenclatures."},{"title":"Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Elsevier","url":"","note":"Osteology of the first ray, trapeziometacarpal saddle joint, thenar muscles, and opposition."},{"title":"Terminologia Anatomica 2, FIPAT / International Federation of Associations of Anatomists","url":"","note":"Official Latin term pollex / digitus I as the anatomical name of the thumb."},{"title":"Cotation clinique de l'opposition et de la contre-opposition du pouce, Annales de Chirurgie de la Main (Masson/Elsevier), 1986","url":"","note":"Kapandji 0-10 clinical score used to measure thumb opposition."},{"title":"ISO 7250-1: Basic human body measurements for technological design - Part 1, International Organization for Standardization","url":"","note":"Standardised anthropometric landmarks and hand/thumb dimensions for design."}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend thumb to cover humans only, other animals' first digits, or a broader functional category?","Where should ownership fall between thumb and hand models for the first metacarpal, thumb-base joint and shared muscles or tendons?","How should congenital duplication, transferred digits and mixed biological-prosthetic reconstructions preserve registry identity?","Which validated movement, opposition, sensation and pinch protocols should be supported, and when are their results comparable?","Which authoritative criteria should govern escalation for changes in thumb condition, and how should population and clinical context modify them?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q83360/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q83360/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T10:27:38Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}